Ray-Tracing-Based Micro-Doppler Simulation for 77 GHz Automotive Scenarios

High Fidelity Physics-Based Simulation of a 512-Channel 4D-Radar Sensor for Automotive Applications

“…Simulation has emerged as an alternative way of obtaining synthetic radar returns for developing signal processing methods and detection algorithms [20], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]. A reason for this is that, unlike measurement, simulation is cheaper and less time consuming.…”

“…Therefore, the use of full wave methods such as finite element method (FEM) becomes highly inefficient, if not impossible. Ray-tracing, asymptotic techniques employing different implementations of the shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method have been used to address this challenge [20], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]. A facet-based, hybrid simulation was conducted in [31] to determine the impact of multipath propagation on the radar cross section of low-flying targets in a maritime scene.…”

“…A facet-based, hybrid simulation was conducted in [31] to determine the impact of multipath propagation on the radar cross section of low-flying targets in a maritime scene. Ray tracing techniques were used to obtain range-Doppler plots and the micro-Doppler response of a vehicle in [33], [35], and [34].…”

“…Therefore, Doppler shifts cannot be directly computed from a single frequency sweep simulation across the bandwidth of an FMCW chirp signal. Instead, multiple, successive static simulations need to be conducted to obtain enough data for a single coherent processing interval (CPI) [33]. Each of the static simulations are translated to reflect the distance moved within the pulse repetition interval (PRI).…”

“…Each of the static simulations are translated to reflect the distance moved within the pulse repetition interval (PRI). A single range-Doppler map is then obtained by conducting a 2D inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) [20], [33]. Therefore, hundreds of simulations need to be conducted to obtain a single range-Doppler map.…”