Rayleigh-Taylor instability and mushroom-pattern formation in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Sasaki, Kazuki; Suzuki, Naoya; Akamatsu, Daisuke; Saito, Hiroki

doi:10.1103/physreva.80.063611

Cited by 123 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Employing such adjustability and selectability, intriguing phenomena that depend on the degree of miscibility have been experimentally observed, e.g., soliton generation in a counterflow of miscible fluids [8,9], quantum tunneling across spin domains [10] and suppression of relative flow by multiple domains [11] in immiscible systems. Theoretically, quantum turbulence in a counterflow of miscible BECs [12,13] and pattern formation by instabilities at interfaces in immiscible BECs [14][15][16][17][18] have been predicted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bouncing motion and penetration dynamics in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates

et al. 2016

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We investigate dynamic properties of bouncing and penetration in colliding binary and ternary Bose-Einstein condensates comprised of different Zeeman or hyperfine states of 87 Rb. Through the application of magnetic field gradient pulses, two-or three-component condensates in an optical trap are spatially separated and then made to collide. The subsequent evolutions are classified into two categories: repeated bouncing motion and mutual penetration after damped bounces. We experimentally observed mutual penetration for immiscible condensates, bouncing between miscible condensates, and domain formation for miscible condensates. From numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we find that the penetration time can be tuned by slightly changing the atomic interaction strengths. Multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in dilute atomic gases are an attractive system for studying hydrodynamics of multicomponent quantum fluids owing to their unprecedented controllability. One of the significant properties characterizing multicomponent fluid systems is their miscibility; different fluids are either mutually miscible or phase separation occurs. In multicomponent BECs, the miscibility is determined by inter-and intra-species atomic interaction strengths [1] and, importantly, they can be experimentally controlled using Feshbach resonances [2,3] and Rabi coupling [4,5]. Multicomponent BECs with various degrees of miscibility are also available by choosing the internal states [6] or atomic species [7]. Employing such adjustability and selectability, intriguing phenomena that depend on the degree of miscibility have been experimentally observed, e.g., soliton generation in a counterflow of miscible fluids [8,9] The condition for miscibility in multicomponent BECs is determined by linear stability analysis of a static or steady state, and is not naively applicable to dynamical situations. Let us consider a situation in which two wave packets of different BECs collide with each other. One may think that the two wave packets pass through each other without much reflection for miscible BECs, while for immiscible BECs they do not. However, we will show that these simple predictions from the miscibility do not apply to a highly dynamic situation.In this Rapid Communication, we generate multicomponent BECs with various degrees of miscibility by utilizing the rich spin degrees of freedom of the 87 Rb atom, and investigate the dynamical properties of bouncing and penetration in colliding binary and ternary BECs in an optical trap. We observed various dynamics, including bouncing between miscible BECs and mutual penetration of immiscible BECs, which seems counterintuitive at first glance. In miscible and weakly immiscible binary and ternary systems, after a few bounces, BECs mutually penetrate and create the domain structure. In contrast, in the case of a relatively strongly immiscible system, binary BECs continue to bounce. Such repetitive bouncing motion between atoms has been observed only in a Tonks-Girardeau ga...

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Bouncing motion and penetration dynamics in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates

et al. 2016

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“…In that case the system dynamics resembles qualitatively the simulation results of Refs. [12,16], and, therefore, it is not presented here. When the system width in the transverse direction is noticeably lower than λ RT , then the RTI does not develop at all, and one should naturally expect the dominating role of dynamic interpenetration.…”

Section: Position Swapping In a 2d Geometry: Crossover Between Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantum counterpart of the RTI was suggested by Sasaki et al [12] for a system of two phase-separated BECs with opposite projections of the hyperfine spin placed in a nonuniform external magnetic field, which pushes the components against each other. Recent results on the linear and nonlinear stages of the quantum RTI may be found in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently there has been much interest in the quantum hydrodynamics and nonlinear responce of two-component BECs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and, in particular, in the development of quasihydrodynamic instabilities at the interface separating the immiscible components [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among these phenomena, the quantum Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) is, probably, one of the most representative and fascinating [12,16]. The RTI releases the excessive potential energy stored in the system and transforms it into kinetic energy of the flow, by means of interface waves that grow into mushroom-shaped bubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum swapping of immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates as an alternative to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability

et al. 2012

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We consider a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap, where the immiscible components are pressed against each other by an external magnetic force. The zero-temperature nonstationary Gross-Pitaevskii equations are solved numerically; analytical models are developed for the key steps in the process. We demonstrate that if the magnetic force is strong enough, then the condensates may swap their places in the trap due to dynamic quantum interpenetration of the nonlinear matter waves. The swapping is accompanied by development of a modulational instability leading to quasiturbulent excitations. Unlike the multidimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a similar geometry of two-component quantum fluid systems, quantum interpenetration has no classical analog. In a two-dimensional geometry a crossover between the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the dynamic quantum interpenetration is investigated.

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“…Recently, there has been also much interest in multicomponent BECs with a welldistinguished interface, which allow the possibility of vortex generation by means of quasiclassical hydrodynamic instabilities: the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability, the capillary instability, etc. [4][5][6][18][19][20][21]. With the help of the instabilities, one can produce rather complicated quantum vortex structures in BECs like skyrmions, for which the intrinsically empty vortex core in one BEC component is filled by the other component [11,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric resonance of capillary waves at the interface between two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates

et al. 2012

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We study the parametric resonance of capillary waves on the interface between two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates pushed towards each other by an oscillating force. Guided by analytical models, we solve numerically the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. We show that, at moderate amplitudes of the driving force, the instability is stabilized due to nonlinear modifications of the oscillation frequency. When the amplitude of the driving force is large enough, we observe a detachment of droplets from the Bose-Einstein condensates, resulting in the generation of quantum vortices (skyrmions). We analytically investigate the vortex dynamics, and conditions of quantized vortex generation.

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Rayleigh-Taylor instability and mushroom-pattern formation in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Cited by 123 publications

References 26 publications

Bouncing motion and penetration dynamics in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates

Bouncing motion and penetration dynamics in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates

Quantum swapping of immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates as an alternative to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Parametric resonance of capillary waves at the interface between two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates

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