Reaction to fire and water vapour resistance performance of treated wood specimens containing TiO₂and clay nanoparticles

Abstract

SUMMARYThe effect of TiO 2 and/or clay nanoparticles on water vapour permeability and the reaction to fire performance of coated and impregnated spruce wood were studied. Water vapour permeability properties were used to assess the moisture transfer properties and durability of the specimens using the cup test. The reaction to the early stage fire development properties of the specimens was analysed using a small scale cone calorimeter test. Comparisons between the different treated and untreated specimens on the moisture and reaction to fire performances were performed. The results revealed poor reaction to fire and water vapour resistance of specimens treated with TiO 2 and/or clay nanoparticles containing treatments.

Fire‐Resistant Structural Material Enabled by an Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Hexagonal Boron Nitride Coating

“…Equation predicts a t ig of 92 s for the BN‐densified wood at an external heat flux of 50 kW m −2 . This is at least 2.3 times as long as most reported fire‐resistant wood samples at that heat flux (Figure c) . Figure d compares the ignition properties of the densified wood and BN‐densified wood.…”

“…a) Critical heat flux ( q crit ) and b) TRP are determined. c) Comparison of the calculated ignition delay time of this work with other reported fire‐resistant wood results at an external heat flux of 50 kW m −2 . (Mg–Al: Mg‐Al‐layered double‐hydroxide; PFA: Polymerization of Furfuryl Alcohol; ADP: Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate).…”

“…b) A scalable piece of the BN‐densified wood fabricated in our lab. c) Comparison of the tensile strength and ignition delay time of the BN‐densified wood with results of fire resistant wood reported elsewhere . Note: Ref.…”

“…Flame retardants interfere with the combustion process during ignition, pyrolysis, or flame spread either through chemical reactions or by acting as a physical barrier . The addition of flame retardants to wood can improve the material's fire resistance without sacrificing the intrinsic advantages of wood materials . Although halogen and phosphorus organic fire retardants can effectively reduce the HRR and enhance the fire resistance of wood, the environmental risks caused by toxic halogen products is problematic .…”

“…In contrast, inorganic flame retardants are greener and more suitable for sustainable applications. Most inorganic flame retardants display outstanding gas barrier functions, including clay, clay nanopaper, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and Mg–Al hydroxide . They reduce the HRR of wood by insulating the surface and delaying the thermal decomposition of the wood material.…”