Reactive oxygen species and development in microbial eukaryotes

Aguirre, Jesús; Ríos-Momberg, Mauricio; Hewitt, David; Hansberg, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.01.007

Cited by 570 publications

(550 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Similarly, previous work in other fungi indicates that nox1 orthologues play rather specific roles in fungal development, as observed in N. crassa, where ROS are generated at the start of each of the morphogenetic steps that occur during asexual development (Hansberg et al, 1993), and correlate with the oxidation of proteins (Toledo et al, 1994). Similar blockages in fruiting body development have been observed in Podospora anserina and N. crassa after nox1 deletion, demonstrating that Nox enzymes are critical for the development of sexual structures in filamentous fungi (Aguirre et al, 2005;Malagnac et al, 2004). Disruption of noxA in A. nidulans blocks sexual development, since differentiation of fruiting bodies cannot be completed (Lara-Ortíz et al, 2003).…”

Section: Ros Drive the Conidiation Processsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Three different Nox subfamilies have been found in the kingdom Fungi, two homologues of the human gp91 phox , NoxA (Nox1) and NoxB (Nox2), and NoxC, which contains a putative EF-hand calcium-binding domain (Aguirre et al, 2005). Fungi also contain an orthologue of p67 phox , named NoxR, which is found in all fungal genomes that have NoxA (Takemoto et al, 2007).…”

Section: Ros Drive the Conidiation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

2012

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Section: Ros Drive the Conidiation Processsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Ros Drive the Conidiation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

2012

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“…Yet, it is very likely that this is not the only function of NOX family enzymes (e.g., Lambeth, 2002). Aguirre et al (2005) recently reported in a review that NOX homologues have been identified in microbiological eukaryotes and that they may play important roles in cell differentiation in fungi and other eukaryotic microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Drives Cardiac Differentiation: Role in Regulating Cardiac Transcription Factors and MAP Kinase Activation

Li¹,

Stouffs²,

Serrander³

et al. 2006

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265

203

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the NOX family of NADPH oxidases have been described to act as second messengers regulating cell growth and differentiation. However, such a function has hitherto not been convincingly demonstrated. We investigated the role of NOX-derived ROS in cardiac differentiation using mouse embryonic stem cells. ROS scavengers prevented the appearance of spontaneously beating cardiac cells within embryoid bodies. Downregulation of NOX4, the major NOX isoform present during early stages of differentiation, suppressed cardiogenesis. This was rescued by a pulse of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide 4 d before spontaneous beating appears. Mechanisms of ROS-dependent signaling included p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and nuclear translocation of the cardiac transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C). Our results provide first molecular evidence that the NOX family of NADPH oxidases regulate vertebrate developmental processes. INTRODUCTIONReactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated either in a nonregulated manner as side products of several enzymatic systems (e.g., cyclooxygenases, nitric oxide [NO] synthases, mitochondrial cytochromes) or in a regulated way as main products of superoxide producing enzymes, the NADPH oxidases. In the mouse, the family of NADPH oxidases includes NOX1, NOX2 (gp91 phox ), NOX3, and NOX4.Excessive cellular generation of ROS, such as superoxide anions (O 2 Ϫ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), is potentially destructive and is used by phagocytes to kill invading microorganisms. Under normal conditions, scavenging mechanisms (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathioneglutathione peroxidase system) remove excessive amounts of ROS. Under stress conditions, however, the production of ROS may exceed the reducing capacity of the cell and damage cellular functions. Small amounts of ROS, on the other hand, can function as intracellular second messengers and activate signaling cascades involved in growth and differentiation of many cell types (for review see Rhee, 1999;Laloi et al., 2004). For example, the MAP kinase-signaling pathway is sensitive to ROS (Torres and Forman, 2003). Moreover, distinct signaling pathways have differential sensitivity to oxidative stress, leading to dose-dependent effect on, for example, cardiomyocytes on which ROS can induce hypertrophy or apoptosis (Kwon et al., 2003). Transcription factors such as NF-B, p53, and AP-1 are redox-sensitive and can be directly modified by ROS, providing a link with the control of gene expression (Morel and Barouki, 1999).Cardiac differentiation can be studied by differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) into embryoid bodies (EB), where the appearance of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes is observed after 7-8 d of culture. This system thus provides a unique experimental model to study the role of ROS and ROS-generating enzymes in the regulation of cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation in vitro. Previous reports have shown a link between ROS and...

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“…Oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in the differentiation of several fungi, including Aspergillus nidulans, N. crassa, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor, and in Sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotial biogenesis in response to mycelial injury occurs as a result of oxidative stress (Aguirre, et al, 2005;Georgiou et al, 2006;Papapostolou & Georgiou, 2010).…”

Section: Mycelial Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

et al. 2010

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2Lincoln Ventures Limited, PO Box 133, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand Trichoderma spp. have served as models for asexual reproduction in filamentous fungi for over 50 years. Physical stimuli, such as light exposure and mechanical injury to the mycelium, trigger conidiation; however, conidiogenesis itself is a holistic response determined by the cell's metabolic state, as influenced by the environment and endogenous biological rhythms. Key environmental parameters are the carbon and nitrogen status and the C : N ratio, the ambient pH and the level of calcium ions. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of this fungus have revealed a conserved mechanism of environmental perception through the White Collar orthologues BLR-1 and BLR-2. Also implicated in the molecular regulation are the PacC pathways and the conidial regulator VELVET. Signal transduction cascades which link environmental signals to physiological outputs have also been revealed.

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Reactive oxygen species and development in microbial eukaryotes

Cited by 570 publications

References 63 publications

Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

The NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Drives Cardiac Differentiation: Role in Regulating Cardiac Transcription Factors and MAP Kinase Activation

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma

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