Reactivity studies of atmospheric corrosion of heritage iron artefacts

Monnier, Judith; Guillot, Ivan; Legrand, Ludovic; Dillmann, P.

doi:10.1533/9781782421573.3.285

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Also naturally corroded mild steel samples (20 × 30 × 2 mm) were obtained from a conservation workshop (Arc’Antique, Nantes, France), where over a period of years they underwent corrosion due to uncontrolled indoor conditions. The corrosion layer, characterized beforehand by Raman spectroscopy, was composed of both goethite and lepidocrocite, common compounds that develop during indoor iron corrosion [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of the siderophore deferoxamine amended in hydrogels for the cleaning of iron corrosion

et al. 2023

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Bioderived alternatives to commonly used complexing agents for the cleaning of iron artworks are sought for their natural origin and better biodegradability. Indeed, complexing agents currently used for the removal of undesired corrosion products from iron artworks can be difficult to control and their environmental impact is often overlooked. This paper studies the use of siderophores, focusing on the ability of one of them, deferoxamine, to be employed as an active agent loaded in polysaccharides hydrogels, on corrosion phases. Preliminary tests were conducted on artificially aged steel samples and further studies were performed on naturally corroded steel to assess the most performing application parameters. Long-term behavior of cleaned surface was assessed. Cleaning outcomes were compared with those obtainable with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid using optical microscopy, colorimetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as Infrared and Raman micro-spectroscopies. Among the different gelling agents evaluated, agar applied when hot and gellan gum prepared at room temperature were the most effective gel formulations and agar left few residues over the treated surfaces. The protocol was then tested on altered steel artifacts belonging to heritage institutions in France. Encouraging outcomes in the removal of iron corrosion phases with green approaches are here presented. Graphical abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of the siderophore deferoxamine amended in hydrogels for the cleaning of iron corrosion

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, low crystallinity phases can be detected among the corrosion products, especially in the most internal layer of rust. These amorphous phases are usually constituted by feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH) and ferrihydrite (Fe 3+ ) 2 O 3 •0.5H 2 O [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: 𝑃𝐴𝐼 𝛼 𝛾mentioning

confidence: 99%

The San Carlo Colossus: An Insight into the Mild Galvanic Coupling between Wrought Iron and Copper

et al. 2023

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The San Carlo Colossus, known as San Carlone, is a monument constituted by an internal stone pillar support to which a wrought iron structure is attached. Embossed copper sheets are fixed to the iron structure to give the final shape to the monument. After more than 300 years of outdoor exposure, this statue represents an opportunity for an in-depth investigation of long-term galvanic coupling between wrought iron and copper. Most iron elements of the San Carlone appeared in good conservation conditions with scarce evidence of galvanic corrosion. In some cases, the same iron bars presented some portions in good conservation conditions and other nearby portions with active corrosion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible factors correlated with such mild galvanic corrosion of wrought iron elements despite the widespread direct contact with copper for more than 300 years. Optical and electronic microscopy and compositional analyses were carried out on representative samples. Furthermore, polarisation resistance measurements were performed both on-site and in a laboratory. The results revealed that the iron bulk composition showed a ferritic microstructure with coarse grains. On the other hand, the surface corrosion products were mainly composed of goethite and lepidocrocite. Electrochemical analyses showed good corrosion resistance of both the bulk and surface of the wrought iron, and galvanic corrosion is not occurring probably due to the iron’s relatively noble corrosion potential. The few areas where iron corrosion was observed are apparently related to environmental factors, such as the presence of thick deposits and to the presence of hygroscopic deposits that create localized microclimatic conditions on the surface of the monument.

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“…It was demonstrated that Fe(III) phases, if they are physically connected to the metallic substrate can be electrochemically reactive and provoke, by their reduction into Fe(II) species, the oxidation of the Fe(0) substrate. The electrochemical behaviour of the different phases constituting the corrosion layer was studied by many authors (Antony et al 2004(Antony et al , 2005(Antony et al , 2007) and a reactivity index was provided to express the potential corrosive effect of the layer (Kashima et al 2001;Dillmann et al 2004;Monnier et al 2010aMonnier et al , 2013. It was also demonstrated that the grain size of the considered phase, highly influence the reactivity and well crystallised nano grains are much less reactive (Monnier et al 2010b).…”

Section: Ferrous Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). This low crystallite size was associated to a relatively low electrochemical reactivity of the rust that could be considered as relatively protective (Monnier et al 2013). These kinds of approaches are now more and more integrated to corrosion studies dealing with metal of heritage artefacts and are a mean to understand better the evolution of electrochemical reactivity in function of some specific parameters of the constitutive phase of the corrosion layers.…”

Section: Ferrous Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Aspects of Corrosion on Cultural Heritage Metals

Dillmann

2016

Nanoscience and Cultural Heritage

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International audienceMetallic artefacts are an important part of the cultural heritage and must be protected for the future generations. Unfortunately, classical metal protection methods used for example in industry, can in most of cases not be used in the context of the conservation of cultural heritage because artefacts must not be aesthetically modified and any protection treatment must be potentially removable without any damage to the artefact. For that reason, to set up efficient conservation strategies, it is necessary to understand and model the long term corrosion mechanisms. In addition to environmental monitoring and empirical approaches, the fine understanding of the corrosion systems, based on the use of multiscale character-isation techniques and methodologies is a key issue to understand the mechanisms and evaluate the degradation rates. This chapter reviews the cases for which investigations at nano scales are necessary to understand and model in a reliable way the corrosion behaviour of different metals (ferrous alloys and bronzes). Nanoscale investigation, also allows scientists to understand the way intentional patinas were made on ancient bronzes. Lastly, an example of the use of nan-otechnology to set up an adapted and innovative protective treatment is given

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Reactivity studies of atmospheric corrosion of heritage iron artefacts

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Testing of the siderophore deferoxamine amended in hydrogels for the cleaning of iron corrosion

Testing of the siderophore deferoxamine amended in hydrogels for the cleaning of iron corrosion

The San Carlo Colossus: An Insight into the Mild Galvanic Coupling between Wrought Iron and Copper

Nanoscale Aspects of Corrosion on Cultural Heritage Metals

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