Reading Vulnerabilities Through Urban Planning History: An Earthquake-Prone City, Adapazarı Case From Turkey

Orhan, Ezgi

doi:10.4305/metu.jfa.2016.2.5

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The central and local institutional structure and the planning system are summarized in Figure 3. For a full review of the planning and administrative system in Turkey, we refer to Marcou [60]; Ersoy [61]; Orhan [62]; Gürsoy and Edelman [48]; and Turan and Ersoy [49]. Although new institutional and planning structures were introduced to tackle with rapid urban growth and associated urban problems, the literature suggests that the newly introduced plans and planning authorities are not effective, and these have complicated the existing planning system 48,49.…”

Section: The Land-use Planning System In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monetary sources to finance regional and environmental plans were not defined, and further, there is an insufficient monitoring and evaluation system to control whether the principles and strategies of such plans are implemented or not, after the plan is put into force [48,64,65]. This has increased the vulnerability of the cities and regions to earthquakes and natural disasters, due to malpractices applied in regional and urban policy, land-use and density restrictions, and construction and design processes [62].…”

Section: The Land-use Planning System In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Variations of Land-Use Development and Land-Use/Cover Change Dynamics: A Case Study of Turkey

Ustaoglu

Aydınoğlu

2019

Remote Sensing

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. Population growth, economic development and rural-urban migration have caused rapid expansion of urban areas and metropolitan regions in Turkey. The structure of urban administration and planning has faced different socio-economic and political challenges, which have hindered the structured and planned development of cities and regions, resulting in an irregular and uneven development of these regions. We conducted detailed comparative analysis on spatio-temporal changes of the identified seven land-use/cover classes across different regions in Turkey with the use of Corine Land Cover (CLC) data of circa 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Here we compared spatio-temporal changes of urban and non-urban land uses, which differ across regions and across different hierarchical levels of urban areas. Our findings have shown that peri-urban areas are growing more than rural areas, and even growing more than urban areas in some regions. A deeper look at regions located in different geographical zones pointed to substantial development disparities across western and eastern regions of Turkey. We also employed multiple regression models to explain any possible drivers of land-use change, regarding both urban and non-urban land uses. The results reveal that the three influencing factors-socio-economic characteristics, regional characteristics and location, and development constraints, facilitate land-use change. However, their impacts differ in different geographical locations, as well as with different hierarchical levels.

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Section: The Land-use Planning System In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Land-use Planning System In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Variations of Land-Use Development and Land-Use/Cover Change Dynamics: A Case Study of Turkey

Ustaoglu

Aydınoğlu

2019

Remote Sensing

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“…In Adapazari case, initial efforts were made to resettle the distressed community into safer locations through allocation of public resources (Orhan, 2015). Besides the recovery initiatives of state, local governments carried out the recovery process by regulating land-use decisions and development rights in the affected areas (Orhan, 2016d). Post-disaster process in Adapazari, therefore, incorporated both the resettlement and reconstruction policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the recovery process, a third urbanization model emerged in the west fringes of the affected downtown. The western periphery of the city began to be constructed by private entrepreneurs with limited development rights due to the adjacent location to the disaster-prone downtown despite its relatively safer geophysical conditions (Orhan, 2016d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the damaged city has been set up by the initial recovery goals, nearly ten years later the urban development of the city does not reflect the desired case. Current situation shows that resettlement districts could not go beyond to be a residential zone, because the district was settled by households, while downtown keeps its centrality for residential, commercial and industrial purposes (Orhan, 2016d;Orhan, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Adaptation Strategies of Businesses with Community Resilience: A Case from Turkey

Orhan¹

2018

GRID - Architecture, Planning and Design Journal

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In developing countries bounded by traditional approaches of disaster management, post-disaster policies may not lead to resilience at aggregate level. Turkey exemplifies the case with its experience in the 1999 Izmit earthquake. The policies applied following the 1999 trajectory to create a safer built environment incorporated resettlement and reconstruction efforts, yet businesses were largely unregulated by local and national governments during the recovery process which leads to development of their own adaptive strategies to survive after the disaster. This paper aims to analyse the adaptation strategies of private enterprises in the face of disasters. In this respect, a case study research was undertaken in Adapazari, Turkey to inquire their adaptive strategies after the disaster with respect to the independent variables of business size and occupancy status. This paper contributes to the field of disaster studies by showing businesses' adaptive capacities that enable them to survive following a disaster. The key findings of this study present that businesses adapt for survival after a natural disaster in accordance with their business size and occupancy status. Although small firms and lease-holder firms challenge with organizational and financial problems, they are able to develop locational strategies which increase their survival change and adaptability against their larger and owner occupied counterparts. ÖzGeleneksel afet yönetimi yaklaşımlarıyla sınırlanan gelişmekte olan ülkelerde afet sonrası politikalar toplum düzeyinde dirençlilik yaratamayabilir. 1999 Depremini deneyimlemiş olan Türkiye böyle bir durumu örneklemektedir. 1999 trajedisinin ardından güvenli bir yapılı çevre oluşturmak için uygulanan politikalar yeniden yerleştirme ve yeniden yapım çabalarını içermektedir, ancak iyileşme sürecinde işyerlerinin yerel ve merkezi yönetimlerce kapsamlı düzenlemelere dahil edilmemesi afetten sonra ayakta kalmak için kendi uyum stratejilerini geliştirmelerine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma afete maruz kalan işyerlerinin uyum stratejilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. İşyeri büyüklüğü ve mülkiyet sahipliliğini gösteren bağımsız değişkenlere göre işyerlerinin afet sonrası uyum stratejileri Adapazarı örneğinde bir saha araştırması ile ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma işyerlerinin afet sonrasında kendilerini ayakta tutacak uyum kapasitelerini ortaya koyarak afet çalışmaları alanına katkı koymaktadır. Araştırmanın temel bulguları işyeri büyüklüğü ve mülkiyet sahipliliğine göre işyerlerinin bir doğal afetten sonra ayakta kalmaya uyumlandıklarını göstermektedir. Küçük ve kiracı olan firmalar her ne kadar organizasyonel ve finansal sorunlar yaşasalar da geliştirdikleri yer seçim stratejileri ile büyük ve mülk sahibi rakiplerine karşın hayatta kalma ve adapta olabilme şanslarını artırmaktadır.

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1999 Depremlerinin ardından planlama mevzuatı üzerine bir değerlendirme

Orhan¹

2021

Planning

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Following the 1999 Earthquakes stricken Marmara Region, as the most populated, urbanized and industrialized region of the country, large-scale recovery efforts have been initiated; and in addition to central and local administrations, many institutions and civil societies have become the part of these studies. However, in the face of the devastating effects of the 1999 Earthquakes, significant steps have been taken in legal framework due to its limitedness in guiding disaster policies. Besides, development of the risk management approach at the international level has triggered countries to review their policies and legal regulations shaping their disaster management. Based on this need, the study examines the legislation that shapes the disaster policies and guides spatial planning in our country and its change in the meantime. The legal regulations that have been added to the urban planning legislation in the last 20 years for the purpose of risk mitigation have been discussed. To this end, Article 73 of the "Municipality Law" (no. 5393), "Law on Conservation of Deteriorating Historic and Cultural Property through Renewal and Re-use" (no. 5366), "Law on the Transformation of Areas at Disaster Risk" (no. 6306), and Temporary Article 16 of Development Law (no. 3194) (Peace of Reconstruction) are determined as the main regulation shaping policies for reducing urban risks, and evaluated within the scope of the study. Therefore, this study puts forward the problems and criticisms regarding the implementation of legal arrangements established for the purpose of mitigating urban risks as well as recovery of the disaster-prone areas.

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Reading Vulnerabilities Through Urban Planning History: An Earthquake-Prone City, Adapazarı Case From Turkey

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Regional Variations of Land-Use Development and Land-Use/Cover Change Dynamics: A Case Study of Turkey

Regional Variations of Land-Use Development and Land-Use/Cover Change Dynamics: A Case Study of Turkey

Integrating Adaptation Strategies of Businesses with Community Resilience: A Case from Turkey

1999 Depremlerinin ardından planlama mevzuatı üzerine bir değerlendirme

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