“…Machine learning (ML) is often applied for this task. Several ML models have been develop for particular currencies [21], including Indian Rupee [12,19,27,28], US dollar [7,9,18], Canadian dollar [18], Euro [20], Bangladesh Taka [11], Thailand Baht [25], Egyptian Pound [23], Pakistan Rupee [10], among others [21]. The techniques employed in previous works include both classical computer vision and machine learning approaches, such as LDA [19], feature transformations and template-matching [7,20,23], support vector machines [27], and modern deep learning approaches [10,11,25,28].…”