To
palliate the appearance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the use
of bactericidal agents acting differently than conventional antibiotics
and the elimination of bacterial biofilm, are the two most promising
strategies. Here, we integrated these two complementary strategies
into new antimicrobial metal–enzyme nanoaggregates (NAs) of
α-amylase and silver (αAgNAs) that are able to eliminate
bacteria and their biofilm. The nanoparticle (NP) synthesis approach
applied protein desolvation and laccase-mediated NP stabilization
to innovatively produce catalytically active α-amylase nanoparticles
(αNPs) for the elimination of the bacterial biofilm. At the
same time, αNPs efficiently reduced silver for the incorporation
of bactericidal Ag0 and formation of the αAgNAs.
The bactericidal and antibiofilm efficacies of αAgNAs were demonstrated
by 5.4 and 6.1 log reduction of Gram-positive Staphylococcus
aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia
coli, respectively, and more than 80% removal of their
biofilms, coupled with high biocompatibility. The biofilm−αAgNA
interaction was assessed by quartz crystal microbalance and atomic
force microscopy revealing how the degradation of a settled biofilm
by αAgNAs caused an increase of the biofilm water content, thus
weakening the biofilm surface attachment and facilitating its removal.
With the present work, we not only provide a new efficient antimicrobial
material to face the AMR threat, but we also envisage that the newly
established method for the synthesis of metal–enzyme NAs is
potentially transferable to other biocatalysts to expand the enzyme
NP toolbox.