Real-time PCR to study the effect of timing and persistence of fungicide application and wheat varietal resistance on<i>Mycosphaerella graminicola</i>and its sterol 14<i>α</i>-demethylation-inhibitor-resistant genotypes

Selim, Sameh; Roisin-Fichter, Céline; Andry, Jean-Baptiste; Bogdanow, Boris; Sambou, Renée

doi:10.1002/ps.3525

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, the percentages of direct penetration attempts through the epidermal cell wall were higher in Alixan and Premio. In various studies, the penetration of Z. tritici via stomata was described as more frequent than direct penetration through the epidermis (Kema et al ., ; Shetty et al ., ; Selim et al ., ). In Alixan and Premio, the direct penetration attempts may be responsible for the higher defence gene expression observed during the first hours after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cultivar‐dependent partial resistance and associated defence mechanisms in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2017

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Septoria tritici blotch caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. Knowledge regarding mechanisms involved in resistance against this disease is required to breed durable resistances. This study compared the expression of defence and pathogenicity determinants in three cultivars in semicontrolled culture conditions. The most susceptible cultivar, Alixan, presented higher necrosis and pycnidia density levels than Altigo, the most resistant one. In Premio, a moderately resistant cultivar, necrosis developed as in Alixan, while pycnidia developed as in Altigo. In noninfectious conditions, genes coding for PR1 (pr1), glucanase (gluc) and allene oxide synthase (aos) were constitutively expressed at a higher level in both Altigo and Premio than in Alixan, while chitinase2 (chit2), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), peroxidase (pox2) and oxalate oxidase (oxo) were expressed at a higher level in Premio only. Except for aos, all genes were induced in Alixan during the first steps of the symptomless infection phase. Only pox2, oxo, gluc and pal genes in Altigo and pal, chs and lox genes in Premio were up-regulated at some time points. Basal cultivar-dependent resistance against Z. tritici could therefore be explained by various gene expression patterns rather than high expression levels of given genes. During the necrotrophic phase, Z. tritici cell wall-degrading enzyme activity levels were lower in Altigo and Premio than in Alixan, and were associated more with pycnidia than with necrosis. Similar tissue colonization occurred in the three cultivars, suggesting an inhibition of the switch to the necrotrophic lifestyle in Altigo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cultivar‐dependent partial resistance and associated defence mechanisms in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2017

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“…Similarly, in the pathosystem M. graminicola on wheat, high correlations were only observed up to 40 % leaf necrosis (Selim et al 2013). Nevertheless, PCR analysis of leaf samples taken at various times allowed monitoring of the growth progression of Alternaria species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantification of disease progression of Alternaria spp. on potato using real-time PCR

et al. 2014

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Potato early blight and brown spot are important fungal diseases responsible for premature defoliation and yield loss of potato. Pathogens considered to be involved in leaf necrosis are Alternaria solani and A. alternata, respectively. Both diseases are commonly characterized by the visualization of leaf lesions. Current detection and identification methods for Alternaria species rely primarily on cultural and morphological characteristics, the assessment of which is time-consuming and not always suitable. Sensitive, reliable methods for estimating infection severity are therefore desirable. In this study, an Alternaria-specific real-time PCR assay was developed using primers based on internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2. The assays facilitated species detection and clearly discriminated between A. solani and A. alternata. The use of realtime PCR allowed quantitative estimation of fungal biomass in plant tissues. Detection sensitivities were in the range of >100 fg. Real-time PCR applications used to accurately assess the extent of colonization by Alternaria spp. during disease development are reported here for the first time. Additionally, Alternaria genomic DNA levels were verified not only in potato leaves showing different levels of disease progress, but also in symptomless leaves. This assay provides a useful tool to quantify pathogen levels during initial latent stages of infection and will thus help in the early detection and quantification of Alternaria spp..

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“…The production of ROS was reported as an earlier response during the biotrophic phase of Z. tritici starting in the infection point and moves to the entire leaf tissue during the necrotrophic phase (Yang et al, 2015). Contrarily to the necrotrophs which often enhance ROS production to stimulate the program cell death and facilitate their nutrients uptake (Govrin et al, 2000), this mode of action could be efficient to stop the infection process of Z. tritici which reacts as a biotrophe during the first nine days of its contact with wheat plants (Selim et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control plants were treated with distillated water. Plants were inoculated 48 h after treatment (hat) as mentioned in Selim et al (2014). Briefly, 21-day-old plants were infected by spraying a 2 mL Z. tritici inoculum (2x10 6 spores/mL) in 10 mM MgSO4 amended with 0.1% polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monolaurate surfactant (Tween 20, Sigma).…”

Section: Plant Growth and Protection Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infectious process of the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for STB, is characterized by an approximately 2 to 3 weeks-long symptomless period. Later on, the fungus switches to a necrotrophic phase, associated with an increase of fungal biomass, the formation of pycnidia in colonized substomatal cavities, necrosis (Kema et al, 1996;Selim et al, 2011Selim et al, , 2014Siah et al 2010a;Ors et al 2017) and the production of fungal cell-wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) (Douaiher et al, 2007a(Douaiher et al, , 2007bSiah et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Plant Nutrient- and Microbial Protein-Based Resistance Inducer Elicits Wheat Cultivar-Dependent Resistance Against Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2019

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The induction of plant defense mechanisms by resistance inducers is an attractive and innovative alternative to reduce the use of fungicides on wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici, the responsible agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Under controlled conditions, we investigated the resistance induction in three wheat cultivars with different susceptible levels to STB as a response to a treatment with a sulfur, manganese sulfate, and protein-based resistance inducer (NECTAR Céréales). While no direct antigermination effect of the product was observed in planta, more than 50% reduction of both symptoms and sporulation were recorded on the three tested cultivars. However, an impact of the wheat genotype on resistance induction was highlighted, which affects host penetration, cell colonization, and the production of cell-wall degrading enzymes by the fungus. Moreover, in the most susceptible cultivar Alixan, the product upregulated POX2, PAL, PR1, and GLUC gene expression in both noninoculated and inoculated plants and CHIT2 in noninoculated plants only. In contrast, defense responses induced in Altigo, the most resistant cultivar, seem to be more specifically mediated by the phenylpropanoid pathway in noninoculated as well as inoculated plants, since PAL and CHS were most specifically upregulated in this cultivar. In Premio, the moderate resistant cultivar, NECTAR Céréales elicits mainly the octadecanoid pathway, via LOX and AOS induction in noninoculated plants. We concluded that this complex resistance-inducing product protects wheat against Z. tritici by stimulating the cultivar-dependent plant defense mechanisms.

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Real-time PCR to study the effect of timing and persistence of fungicide application and wheat varietal resistance onMycosphaerella graminicolaand its sterol 14α-demethylation-inhibitor-resistant genotypes

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Cultivar‐dependent partial resistance and associated defence mechanisms in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici

Cultivar‐dependent partial resistance and associated defence mechanisms in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici

Quantification of disease progression of Alternaria spp. on potato using real-time PCR

A Plant Nutrient- and Microbial Protein-Based Resistance Inducer Elicits Wheat Cultivar-Dependent Resistance Against Zymoseptoria tritici

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