Real-time Performance Evaluation of LTE for IIoT

Abstract

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is claimed to be a global booster technology for economic development. IIoT brings bulky use-cases with a simple goal of enabling automation, autonomation or just plain digitalization of industrial processes. The abundance of interconnected IoT and CPS generate additional burden on the telecommunication networks, imposing number of challenges to satisfy the key performance requirements. In particular, the QoS metrics related to real-time data exchange for critical machine-to-machine type communication. This paper analyzes a real-world example of IIoT from a QoS perspective, such as remotely operated underground mining vehicle. As part of the performance evaluation, a software tool is developed for estimating the absolute, one-way delay in end-toend transmissions. The measured metric is passed to a machine learning model for one-way delay prediction based on LTE RAN measurements using a commercially available cutting-edge software tool. The achieved results prove the possibility to predict the delay figures using machine learning model with a coefficient of determination up to 90%.

A security‐driven network architecture for routing in industrial Internet of Things

“…For example, Kumar et al 12 proposed a routing selection algorithm to improve the data transmission efficiency in industrial networks, while Zheng et al 13 mainly developed a MAC‐layer protocol to arrange reliable and dedicated channels for real‐time communications in IoT. In addition, Singh et al 14 proposed a cross‐layer configuration method to ensure the service quality of IIoT in different layers, while Zhohov et al 15 and Nakamura et al 16 intended to address the service quality problem by introducing different scheduling methods based on the technologies of neural network and time series. However, these work mainly focused on improving the data transmission and service quality, without considering the security problem which is actually a key aspect in IIoT and should be carefully taken care of.…”

“…Despite there are a lot of literatures researching the security problems occurred in IIoT toward many aspects such as threats detection and mitigation, secure policy enforcement, and secure routing, 12‐34 these researches are far from enough to guarantee the access control, authentication and data integrity, especially under such centralized and virtualized IIoT environment, because the controller is like a third‐party trust center where all the authentication and authorization behaviors are fulfilled. Once some “trusted” devices or entities defraud the control access, they can proceed malicious activities (eg, tampering) and remove their tracks subsequently.…”

End-to-End QoS “Smart Queue” Management Algorithms and Traffic Prioritization Mechanisms for Narrow-Band Internet of Things Services in 4G/5G Networks

“…The flow generated by these applications is sensitive to delays. However, compared to VoIP or video, they impose stricter restriction on the time of delivery, which is about 10 ms. For some applications (e.g., remote surgical operations), it is necessary to provide shorter delivery time to a maximum of 1 ms. A concept of a network interaction, involving a transfer of data with ultra-short delays, is called the Tactile IoT [54,55].…”

The role of data management in the Industrial Internet of Things

“…In order to maintain effectiveness of the IIoT, Zhohov et al 37 and minimal delays in transmissions between IIoT devices. As a result, they highlighted current challenges related to real-time and reliability that need to be studied and solved by both academia and industry.…”