Real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor-I and myostatin during development of Dicentrarchus labrax (Pisces: Osteichthyes)

Patruno, Marco; Sivieri, S.; Poltronieri, Carlo; Sacchetto, Roberta; Maccatrozzo, Lisa; Martinello, Tiziana; Funkenstein, Bruria; Radaelli, Giuseppe

doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0517-0

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Because red-oxidative and white-glycolytic skeletal muscle exist as distinct tissues in teleost fish, differences in expression patterns can be analyzed easily between the two metabolically different muscle types. Several reports have demonstrated muscle fiber type-specific myostatin patterns in several teleosts (Biga et al, 2004; Ostbye et al, 2001; Patruno et al, 2008; Roberts and Goetz, 2003; Roberts et al, 2004) suggesting relevance to fiber specificity. Here we observed an increase in myostatin-2a expression specifically in red muscle, 12 h and 24 h post-injection, in both the vehicle and cortisol treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Galt

Froehlich

Remily

et al. 2014

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) strongly regulate myostatin transcript levels in mammals via glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the myostatin promoter, and bioinformatics methods suggest that this regulatory mechanism is conserved among many vertebrates. However, the multiple myostatin genes found in some fishes may be an exception. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), two genome duplication events have produced three putatively functional myostatin genes, myostatin-1a, -1b and -2a, which are ubiquitously and differentially expressed. In addition, in silico promoter analyses of the rainbow trout myostatin promoters have failed to identify putative GREs, suggesting a divergence in myostatin function. Therefore, we hypothesized that myostatin mRNA expression is not regulated by glucocorticoids in rainbow trout. In this study, both juvenile rainbow trout and primary trout myoblasts were treated with cortisol to examine the relationship between this glucocorticoid and myostatin mRNA expression. Results suggest that exogenous cortisol does not regulate myostatin-1a and -1b expression in vivo, as myostatin mRNA levels were not significantly affected by cortisol treatment in either red or white muscle tissue. In red muscle, myostatin-2a levels were significantly elevated in the cortisol treatment group relative to the control, but not the vehicle control, at both 12 h and 24 h post-injection. As such, it is unclear if cortisol was acting alone or in combination with the vehicle. Cortisol increased myostatin-1b expression in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further work is needed to determine if this response is the direct result of cortisol acting on the myostatin-1b promoter or through an alternative mechanism. These results suggest that regulation of myostatin by cortisol may not be as highly conserved as previously thought and support previous work that describes potential functional divergence of the multiple myostatin genes in fishes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Galt

Froehlich

Remily

et al. 2014

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…Standard curves for target and reference genes, which had been created on the basis of a linear relationship between the Ct value and the log of the starting cDNA quantity, had acceptable slope values: between −3.8 and −3.3 44 . Standard curves were obtained using serial dilutions of cDNA samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of a retrotransposable element,Rex6, inColossoma macropomumfish from different Amazonian environments

Barbosa

Mareco

Dal-Pai-Silva

et al. 2014

Mobile Genetic Elements

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Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that have the ability to move and replicate within the genomes. TEs can be classified according to their intermediates of transposition, RNA (retrotransposons) or DNA. In some aquatic organisms, it has been observed that environmental factors such as pH, temperature and pollution may stimulate differential transcription and mobilization of retrotransposons. In light of this information, the present study sought to evaluate the expression of Rex6 TE transcripts in Colossoma macropomum, which is a very commercially exploited fish in Brazil. In order to establish a comparative analysis using real-time PCR, the samples were collected from Amazonian rivers with different physical and chemical characteristics (distinguished by clear water and black water). Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed a differential pattern of expression between tissues collected from different types of water (clear and black waters). When it came to the hepatic and muscle tissues sampled, the levels of Rex6 transcripts were significantly different between the two Amazonian water types. These results suggest that environmental conditions operate differently in the regulation of Rex6 transcription in C. macropomum, results which have implications in the reshaping of the genome against environmental variations.

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“…In vitro, GH also stimulated IGF-I expression in primary hepatocyte cultures of salmonids (Shamblott et al 1995;Pierce et al 2005), tilapia (Schmid et al 2000(Schmid et al , 2003, and seabream (Leung et al 2008). Furthermore, there is evidence for extrahepatic IGF-I production in fishes (for references see: Caelers et al 2004;Eppler et al 2007a), especially during development (Berishvili et al 2006a, b;Patruno et al 2008) and for partial regulation by GH in extrahepatic sites (Tse et al 2002;Vong et al 2003;Biga et al 2004;Eppler et al 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Distinct organ-specific up- and down-regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in various organs of a GH-overexpressing transgenic Nile tilapia

et al. 2009

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Several lines of GH-overexpressing fish have been produced and characterized concerning organ integrity, growth, fertility and health but few and contradictory data are available on IGF-I that mediates most effects of GH. Furthermore, nothing is known on IGF-II. Thus, the expression of both IGFs in liver and various extrahepatic sites of adult transgenic (GH-overexpressing) tilapia and age-matched wild-type fish was determined by real-time PCR. Both IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were found in all organs investigated and were increased in gills, kidney, intestine, heart, testes, skeletal muscle and brain of the transgenics (IGF-I: 1.4-4-fold; IGF-II: 1.7-4.2-fold). Except for liver, brain and testis the increase in IGF-I mRNA was higher than that in IGF-II mRNA. In pituitary, no significant change in IGF-I or IGF-II mRNA was detected. In spleen, however, IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were both decreased in the transgenics, IGF-I mRNA even by the 19-fold. In agreement, in situ hybridisation revealed a largely reduced number of IGF-I mRNA-containing leukocytes and macrophages when compared to wild-type. These observations may contribute to better understanding the reported impaired health of GH-transgenic fish. Growth enhancement of the transgenics may be due to the increased expression of both IGF-I and IGF-II in extrahepatic sites. It is also reasonable that the markedly enhanced expression of liver IGF-II mRNA that may mimick an early developmental stage is a further reason for increased growth.

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Real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor-I and myostatin during development of Dicentrarchus labrax (Pisces: Osteichthyes)

Cited by 44 publications

References 70 publications

The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Differential expression of a retrotransposable element,Rex6, inColossoma macropomumfish from different Amazonian environments

Distinct organ-specific up- and down-regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in various organs of a GH-overexpressing transgenic Nile tilapia

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