Real‐time single particle mass spectrometry: A historical review of a quarter century of the chemical analysis of aerosols

Noble, Christopher A.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<248::aid-mas3>3.3.co;2-9

Cited by 99 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…The aerosol mass spectrometry technique has been used as a powerful tool to determine the chemical constituents of sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosols in real time (Suess and Prather 1999;Jayne et al 2000;McMurry 2000;Noble and Prather 2000;Allan et al 2003;Jimenez et al 2003;Middlebrook et al 2003;Dall'Osto et al 2004;Drewnick et al 2004;Topping et al 2004;Takami et al 2005;Takegawa et al 2005;Nash et al 2006;Canagaratna et al 2007;DeCarlo et al 2007;Liu et al 2007;Kamphus et al 2008). One of the popular methods of aerosol mass spectrometry instruments is to combine thermal vaporization and electron impact ionization (EI) with subsequent mass analysis of the produced ions by mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Particle Bounce in Various Collection Substrates to be Used as Vaporizer in Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Kang

Cho

Kwak

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The determination of the collection efficiency (CE) of particles during transport, vaporization, and ionization in the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), which uses vaporizer to evaporate non-refractory particles with subsequent ionization, is important for accurately quantifying the concentrations of chemical constituents. Particle bounce in the vaporizer can be considered as one of the most important parameters influencing the CE of particles. Substrates with various shapes (flat, cylindrical, reverse-conical, cup, trapezoidal, and reverse-T), materials (stainless steel, copper, tungsten, and molybdenum), pores with average sizes of 0.2, 1, 5, 20, and 100 mm, and mesh with a size of 79 mm, which can be a possible candidate for the vaporizer in the AMS, were constructed. Bounce fractions of sub-micrometer particles (polystyrene latex, oleic acid, and dioctyl phthalate) were determined using the differential mobility analyzer (DMA)-impactor technique under a constant impact velocity. For the porous substrate, the particle bounce fraction significantly decreased with increasing pore size and porosity, but there was an upper limit for the pore size above which the particle bounce fraction no longer decreased significantly (i.e., the rebounded particles successfully escaped from the pores). The mesh substrate also had a lower particle bounce fraction than the flat substrate. Among the tested materials, the copper substrate having the lowest hardness and elasticity had the lowest particle bounce fraction. In addition, the reverse-T shape substrate having more available surfaces for particle entrapment led to the reduction of particle bounce fraction. In terms of phase, the liquid particles had lower particle bounce fractions than the solid particles. Our results suggest that the vaporizer in the AMS should provide traps for multiple collisions of the rebounding particles with an appropriate porosity or mesh and should be made of lowhardness materials to minimize particle bounce.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Particle Bounce in Various Collection Substrates to be Used as Vaporizer in Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Kang

Cho

Kwak

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…An important aerosol measurement technology is single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS); using SPMS instruments, researchers can measure the composition of single particles in real-time (Noble and Prather 2000;Johnston 2000). Since the macroscopic impacts of atmospheric aerosols on climate change and human health are strongly dependent on the composition of single particles, aerosol mass spectrometry has found wide application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrument Busy Time and Mass Measurement using Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Allen

Bhave

Whiteaker

et al. 2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (ATOFMS) instruments have been used widely to measure the size and composition of single ambient aerosol particles. ATOFMS data do not directly and quantitatively represent aerosol composition because the instruments exhibit non-linear response to particle concentration, size, and composition. Our approach is to analyze separately the components of non-linear ATOFMS response using field sampling data in order to understand ATOFMS response to ambient aerosols so that ATOFMS data can be scaled to more closely represent ambient aerosols. In this work we examine the effect of instrument busy time, mainly the time to process and save data, on ATOFMS response to ambient aerosols sampled during the 1999 Bakersfield Instrument Intercomparison Study (BIIS). During this study an ATOFMS instrument was operated alternately in normal and fast scatter data acquisition modes. In fast scatter mode, the instrument does not record mass spectra, minimizing instrument busy time; these data were used to determine particle arrival rates. Busy time in normal mode was found by a comparison of the number of particles detected to that expected for a Poisson process modified

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“…3 Traditionally more successful for the analysis of inorganic particles, this new class of instruments has recently been applied to organic compounds; 4 however, fundamental limitations, primarily resulting from extensive molecular fragmentation, still exist for the identification of some important classes of organic particles. 5 The integration of PERCI into particle mass spectrometers is a promising method for overcoming these limitations and providing complete qualitative pictures of the organic composition of these particles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization mass spectrometry: a soft ionization source for mass spectrometry of particle‐phase organic compounds

LaFranchi

Zahardis

Petrucci

2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) is a soft and sensitive ionization method, based on the attachment of low-energy (<1 eV) photoelectrons to organic analyte molecules. PERCI has been developed in our laboratory for the real-time analysis of organic particles by mass spectrometry, and is employed here to monitor the heterogeneous reaction of ozone with oleic acid. Simplified identification of the reaction products is possible as a result of the soft nature of PERCI, giving predominantly the [M-H] À ions. The major particle-phase products are identified as: 1-nonanal, nonanoic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, and azelaic acid, consistent with proposed mechanisms. New insight into this well-studied heterogeneous reaction is gained as additional minor particlephase products, consistent with the Criegee mechanism, are readily detected. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.We wish to report the successful development and application of a new ionization source for the on-line analysis of condensed-phase organic compounds by mass spectrometry. Photoelectron resonance capture ionization (PERCI) provides improved real-time and on-line identification capabilities for condensed-phase organics over alternate ionization methods such as conventional electron impact, resonanceenhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), and chemical ionization. The relatively simple mass spectra produced by PERCI make it well suited to study heterogeneous reactions on organic particles. PERCI operates on the principle of a tunable, laser-induced photoelectric effect to controllably generate low-energy electrons (<1 eV). Ionization occurs when these electrons resonantly attach, through associative and/ or dissociative mechanisms, to nearby gas-phase molecules. 1,2 PERCI provides an exceptionally soft and sensitive ionization, which generates primarily intact molecular ions. Reducing the amount of fragmentation not only simplifies component identification, but also provides an added inherent sensitivity since the analyte signal is concentrated to fewer ion peaks. When used in conjunction with mass spectrometry, PERCI should have wide ranging applications from identification and measurement of ultratrace quantities of organic pollutants to the direct study of heterogeneous reactions occurring on atmospheric particles.A relatively new class of mass spectrometers has been under development with the unique ability to analyze particles on-line and in real time. 3 Traditionally more successful for the analysis of inorganic particles, this new class of instruments has recently been applied to organic compounds; 4 however, fundamental limitations, primarily resulting from extensive molecular fragmentation, still exist for the identification of some important classes of organic particles. 5 The integration of PERCI into particle mass spectrometers is a promising method for overcoming these limitations and providing complete qualitative pictures of the organic composition of these particles.Here, for the first time, the exceptionally soft and sens...

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Real‐time single particle mass spectrometry: A historical review of a quarter century of the chemical analysis of aerosols

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Particle Bounce in Various Collection Substrates to be Used as Vaporizer in Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Evaluation of Particle Bounce in Various Collection Substrates to be Used as Vaporizer in Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Instrument Busy Time and Mass Measurement using Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Photoelectron resonance capture ionization mass spectrometry: a soft ionization source for mass spectrometry of particle‐phase organic compounds

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