Real-world experiences with an interactive ad hoc sensor network

Abstract

While it is often suggested that moderate-scale ad hoc sensor networks are a promising approach to solving real-world problems, most evaluations of sensor network protocols have focused on simulation, rather than realworld, experiments. In addition, most experimental results have been obtained in limited scale. This paper describes a practical application of moderate-scale ad hoc sensor networks. We explore several techniques for reducing packet loss, including quality-based routing and passive acknowledgment, and present an empirical evaluation of the effect of these techniques on packet loss and data freshness.

A Measurement-Based Analysis of the Interaction Between Network Layers in TinyOS

“…The quality estimates for sending and receiving are used to select a parent that will minimize the expected number of transmissions to reach the root of the network. The literature [1,14,15,21] reports better performance using link quality estimates rather than minimum hop count. Moreover, MINTRoute adds to /lib/Route a topology stabilization mechanism in order to avoid frequent parent switching.…”

“…A node has a parent that it uses to route packets toward the root; the routing protocol decides which neighbor node should play this role and when it should switch parents. The most recent multi-hop protocols base routing decisions on the number of hops and on the estimated link quality [14,15,21].…”

“…The sensor network community has proposed a number of different networking protocols for routing [14,21], media access [4,5,8,16,17], and power management [6,8,16,17]. Despite significant innovation in each of these areas, there has been little work addressing the interaction of protocols across areas into a single network stack.…”

Quality-Aware Routing Metrics in Wireless Mesh Networks

“…These metrics are Hop Count, Per-hop Round Trip Time (RTT, [8]), Per-hop Packet Pair Delay (PktPair), quantized loss rate [9], Expected Transmission Count (ETX, [10]), modified ETX (mETX, [11]) and Effective Number of Transmissions (ENT, [11]). …”

“…In [9] Yarvis et al propose a routing metric that estimates the per-link frame delivery ratios and uses the end-to-end path loss probability as the cost of routing over a path. Since the increase in the load affects the metric only through the increased contention, the effects leading to self interference are suppressed as much as the PktPair.…”