Realistic estimates for promptly emitted particles

Entrance channel effects on preequilibrium emission and incomplete fusion in Promptly Emitted Particle model

“…The promptly emitted particle model, originally proposed by Bondorf et al [11 ], has been used by Randrup et al [12] to explain preequilibrium neutron emission. A similar approach has been developed by us, where we have shown that the model, with the inclusion of (i) dynamically changing diffused momentum distribution to take into account the instantaneous excitations of the reactants, and (ii) two body collision which becomes more and more important with the increase of energy, has been quite successful in explaining preequilibrium neutron [13] as well as proton [14] emission spectra. Similar refinements have also been made by Luke et al [15], to explain the preequilibrium proton spectra.…”

“…The model has already been described elsewhere [13]. Here we describe the basic features of the model in brief.…”

“…The exchanged nucleon may, during its passage through recipient, either be emitted into the continuum without suffering any collision (provided it has sufficient energy to overcome the barrier) with the probability e -a/;~ or may collide with the in medium nucleons with the probability ( 1 -e -a/x ), where d is the path length in the recipient and A is the energy dependent mean free path [13]. At lower incident energies, the scattered nucleons do not have sufficient energy to overcome the barrier and they are finally absorbed in the recipient through subsequent collisions causing intrinsic excitation of the system.…”

“…Here we describe the basic features of the model in brief. When two nuclei come closer than a critical distance [13], a window is formed between them and the nucleons are stochastically exchanged between the reactants. A transferred nucleon, with its energy boosted by the coupling of the intrinsic Fermi velocity and the relative velocity of the colliding nuclei, may either be absorbed in the recipient or be emitted as promptly emitted particle (PEP) in the early stages of the reaction.…”

Preequilibrium versus thermalized light-charged particle emissions in the40Ar (1100MeV)+24Mg reaction. Dynamical calculations

“…In essence, the model we have used has already been described in previous articles [22][23][24][25]. The calculation relies upon the assumption that when two nuclei A and B come closer than a critical distance, a window develops between them and nucleons may be stochastically exchanged between the two nuclei (the donor and the receiver).…”