Rearing Regimen Producing Piglet Diarrhea (Rotavirus) and Its Relevance to Acute Infantile Diarrhea

Lecce, James G.; King, Margaret W.; Dorsey, William E.

doi:10.1126/science.203032

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The pathogenesis of rotavirus infection has also been investigated in other animal models. These include gnotobiotic calves (Mebus ef al., 1969;Tzipori et al, 1980), lambs (Snodgrass et al, 1977;Tzipori et al, 1980) and piglets (Crouch and Woode, 1978;Gaul et al, 1982;Hall et al, 1976;Leece et al, 1978;Theil et al, 1978;Tzipori et al, 1980). The virus tropism in these animals, like the murine model described here, is limited to enterocytes lining the upper regions of intestinal villi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Development of a murine model to study the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection

Ijaz

Dent

Haines

et al. 1989

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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A murine model to study enteritis induced by bovine (BRV) and murine rotavirus (MRV) has been developed. The course of infection was determined by clinical symptoms of diarrhea and virus isolation as well as histopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic methods. Both isolates were able to replicate and produce clinical symptoms in neonatal mice. Rotavirus-free neonates were orally inoculated with MRV or BRV and observed over a 192-hr postinoculation (HPI) period. Following infection with 10(4) PFU of virus, diarrhea and maximal intestinal dysfunction, as measured by xylose absorption, did not occur until beyond 20 hr postinfection even though maximal virus production occurred at 10-15 HPI. Immunohistochemically and by electron microscopy we were able to demonstrate viral antigen and virus particles in the enterocytes of villous tips at 5-8 HPI. The appearance of diarrheal symptoms was dependent on the virus dose and the type of virus isolate inoculated. The disease could be induced with doses as low as 1 x 10(2) PFU/mouse of BRV and 1 x 10(1) PFU/mouse of MRV. On the basis of these results, MRV was found to be more virulent than BRV in this model. The model should prove useful for studies designed to assess rotavirus virulence genes and for vaccine protection studies. This work emphasizes the need for early sample collection for critical evaluation of any vaccine or antiviral agent using this model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Development of a murine model to study the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection

Ijaz

Dent

Haines

et al. 1989

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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“…Automated feeding systems have been developed and sophisticated with computerized programming to the extent that four different diets can be fed at one time, and each animal can receive a measured amount of diet based on its body weight at hourly or other predetermined time intervals. (19)(20)(21) There is no placental transfer of antibodies from maternal circulation to the developing pig fetus, and thus the neonatal piglet is essentially devoid of immune antibodies before the ingestion of colostrum. …”

Section: Similarities To Humanmentioning

confidence: 98%

Minipig: Advantages and Disadvantages as a Model in Toxicity Testing

Khan

1984

Journal of the American College of Toxicology

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The choice of animal models for toxicity testing is usually based on convenience rather than validity for application in human beings. Attention must be paid to the similarities of the test system with those of humans so that extrapolations can be made with some margin of safety. Miniature swine offer many advantages in terms of being phylogenetically closer to humans and having many physiological similarities. The neonatal piglet is an excellent model for studies of perinatal toxicology and pediatrics because of its physiologicall resemblance to the human infant. The size of mature miniature swine, short reproductive cycle, ease of breeding, high prolificacy, large litter size, diversity of gene pool, early maturity, and adaptability to the experimental situation are advantages that do not exist in other species. All in all, the miniature swine is as yet an unappreciated and underutilized species for experimental purposes.

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“…(78) The critical role of thorough environmental cleaning to reduce the available infecting dose has been demonstrated in porcine RV infection. (79) The potential merits of promotion of breast feeding to reduce RV have recently been reiterated. (61) There is also some literature to support the use of zinc in prevention or decreasing morbidity of gastroenteritis.…”

Section: Current Disease Treatment and Preventability By Measures Othmentioning

confidence: 99%