Recent Advancement in the Copper Mediated Synthesis of Heterocyclic Amides as Important Pharmaceutical and Agrochemicals

Abstract

Copper with variable oxidation states, Earth abundance was used as a tunable and multifunctional catalyst promoting organic transformations. Copper‐based catalytic materials have been effectively utilized in bioorganic chemistry, material science, and natural products synthesis. Several organic transformations involving cycloadditions, cyclizations, cross‐couplings, and condensations in one‐pot assist in the formation of multiple bonds like C−C/C−O bonds, C−C/C−N bonds, and C−N/C−S bonds. Copper has recently been explored as efficient catalytic material for the synthesis of heterocyclic amides. Heterocyclic amides are essential organic compounds are quite prevelent in the pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and natural products. The heterocyclic amides are the key components of multivarious ace drugs and bio‐molecules like peptides and proteins, and several natural products. Therefore, heterocyclic amides are of much significance, and research focusing on the facile methods is of much interest to contemporary synthetic chemists. Different techniques have been developed using copper‐based catalysts for the synthesis of heterocyclic amdes. These heterocyclic amides are prepared by the reaction of C(sp3)−H, C(sp2)−H, C(sp)−H bonds, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid‐based surrogates, and amine surrogates. N‐alkyation of amides with multifarious substrates has been the extensively investigated for the synthesis of heterocyclic amides. Finally, multicomponent domino reactions have also been investigated for the synthesis of heterocycic amides. The present review summarises various synthetic techniques for the copper catalyzed heterocyclic amides synthesis.

Thermoreversible Transformations of the Cyanosubstituted 2‐Oxopyrrole Derivative by the Action of Amines for the Creation of Novel High‐Contrast Coloration/Decoloration Systems

“…Amines are among the most widely used compounds in the chemical and related industries, [1,2] as pharmacy, [3,4] agrochemistry [5] and rubber manufacturing [6,7] . On the one hand, many amines are toxic compounds and can be uncontrollably released into the environment as a result of the use of a number of dyes [8] and pesticides [9] .…”

The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update

“…The functionalization could involve metalation directed by an O -carbamate positioned on the N itself (restricted to heterocycles with an N–H, e.g., indole, imidazole). These heteroaromatic compounds are useful in many applications ranging from medicine and pharmaceutics − to agriculture, catalysis, , and new functional materials (e.g., in organic electronics); thus, further functionalization of these would be of interest.…”

A New Polynitrogen‐Heterocyclic Scaffold 2,4,6,8‐Tetraazanoradamantane Skeleton: Synthesis and Conversion of Its Functionalities

“…Azanoradamantanes, a class of fascinating cage‐like structure, have been well known for decades as key moieties of a mass of drugs, [ 1‐3 ] organocatalysts, [ 4‐24 ] organic redox mediators, [ 25 ] organoligands, [ 26‐27 ] etc . [ 28 ] Accordingly, some synthetic strategies for azanoradamantanes have been established.…”