Recent Advancements in Pathogenic Mechanisms, Applications and Strategies for Entomopathogenic Fungi in Mosquito Biocontrol

Abstract

Fungal diseases are widespread among insects and play a crucial role in naturally regulating insect populations. Mosquitoes, known as vectors for numerous infectious diseases, pose a significant threat to human health. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have emerged as highly promising alternative agents to chemical mosquitocides for controlling mosquitoes at all stages of their life cycle due to their unique infection pathway through direct contact with the insect’s cuticle. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the infection pathways and pathogenic mechanisms of EPF against mosquitoes. Various strategies involving the use of EPF alone or combinations with other approaches have been employed to target mosquitoes at various developmental stages. Moreover, the application of genetic technologies in fungi has opened up new avenues for enhancing the mosquitocidal efficacy of EPF. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in our understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of EPF, their applications in mosquito management, and the combination of EPF with other approaches and employment of transgenic technologies. The biosafety concerns associated with their use and the corresponding approaches are also discussed. The recent progress suggests that EPF have the potential to serve as a future biorational tool for controlling mosquito vectors.

Isolation of a Novel Pythium Species, P. thermoculicivorax, and Trichoderma sp. from Natural Enzootic Mosquito Larval Infections

“…Chemical pesticides continue to be the most widely used method for mosquito control, although alternatives, including natural products, gene targeting, sterile insect techniques, and biological agents such as mosquito pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi, are actively being examined and sometimes even commercialized for mosquito control [ 15 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Methods for the facile isolation of microbial mosquito larval pathogens ranging from fungi to oomycetes have led to identification of several new species [ 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Green Approaches to Mosquito Control: A Comprehensive Review

“…When floating conidia come into touch with larvae, their peri spiracular valves allow them to breathe by breaking the water tension. Plugging the spiracles usually results in death before major invasion of the hemocoel occurs, therefore hyphal body production is limited [24,25].…”

An obligate microsporidian parasite modulates defense against opportunistic bacterial infection in the yellow fever mosquito , Aedes aegypti

“…aegypti . These include bacteria and fungi that mosquitoes routinely encounter, for example, in larval development water, when nectar feeding on flowers as adults, or as a result of damage to their cuticle ( 6 – 8 ). Mosquitoes ingest microbes from their habitats; some of these microbes are digested as food ( 9 ) while some colonize the digestive tract and persist ( 10 , 11 ).…”