Recent advancements over a decade for organic light-emitting diodes: from structural diversity, role of layers, colour emission, material classification, performance improvement, fabrication to applications

Yadav, Sugandha; Mittal, Poornima; Negi, Shubham

doi:10.1007/s12034-022-02680-x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…OLEDs work by carrier injection and electron and hole compounding leading to light emission. The light emission goes through four parts, free electron injected, transport of conduction electrons, binding of free electrons, and luminescence [1].…”

Section: Figure 1 the Basic Oled Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, OLED does not require high-temperature production environment, thus it is easier and less expensive to produce OLED. Also, because OLEDs can be made in low-temperature environments, unlike inorganic OLEDs that can only be made on heat-resistant semiconductor crystals, they can be used along with a wide variety of materials, such as glass and plastic [1]. Moreover, the characteristics of organic semiconductors can be achieved by changing the molecular structure, so organic semiconductors have much potential for development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1990, a breakthrough was made in organic polymer electroluminescence. In that year, the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, UK, successfully developed a green lightemitting polymer device, which further improved the lifetime and stability of OLEDs [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Working Principle, Structure, Enhancement Technology, and Applications of Organic Light-emitting Diodes

Sheng¹

2022

HSET

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Nowadays OLEDs outperform normal LEDs in terms of ease-processing, flexibility, skinniness, lightweight, and manufacturing cost. However, there is still much room to improve in terms of materials, efficiency, and longevity. Improving the performance of OLEDs has become the most popular research area. In order to make full use of excitons after recombination of carriers, phosphorescent OLED has been proposed. Recently, there is a gradual trend for phosphorescent OLEDs to be replaced by TADF OLEDs, as these TADF OLEDs can not only exhibit 100% internal quantum efficiency and are cheap to produce because they do not contain precious metals. At the same time, TADF OLEDs are considered to have more room for development especially in the aspect of longevity and color. Therefore, more researches are still needed to solve the blue OLED problem because compared to other colors, such as red and green OLEDs, blue OLEDs still have a big gap in stability and efficiency. In this work, the history of OLEDs, their working principle, the technologies that have been improved, and the cross-border derivative applications were studied.

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Section: Figure 1 the Basic Oled Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Working Principle, Structure, Enhancement Technology, and Applications of Organic Light-emitting Diodes

Sheng¹

2022

HSET

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“…In a practical sense, recombination may not be gauranteed to occur within the emissive layer because there is a difference in the mobility of electrons and holes. The hole mobility is typically higher than the electron mobility in most of organic materials, as a result, all of the recombination takes place in close proximity to the cathodes [2]. Therefore, in order to let two charge carriers own the same mobility, more layers are introduced into the device structure: the transport and injection layer; they are essential in piratical use.…”

Section: The Device Structure and Its Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Design and Progress of Organic Light-Emitting Diode

Ai¹

2022

HSET

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Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is one of the main lighting devices and can be used as mobile phone screens, so its performance enhancement is worthy of an in-depth study. This paper discusses three types of devices with different light emitting principles in the history of OLED development in chronological order and their performances, as well as ways to enhance their external quantum efficiency (EQE). For fluorescent, phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) OLEDs, adding additional layers and doping are effective means of improving the performance. For fluorescent OLED, the EQE can be increased up to 11.5% by adding an efficiency enhancement layer and doping the emitting layer with a new blue dopant with a higher orientation coefficient. For phosphorescent OLED, a hole transport layer is utilized to block excitons within the FIrpic-doped emissive layer leading to an EQE of 16.7%. For TADF OLED, the soluble doped TADF OLEDs is helpful at improving the quantum efficiency up to 18.3%. This paper looks forward to the maturation of these strategies and their practical application, and the identification of more technologies that can enhance the performance of OLED devices to help make it more usable.

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“…During the past few years, full colour displays with high resolution have been developed by many researchers. [1][2][3][4] These displays containing organic materials have various attractive features likes flexibility, light weight, fast response, easy fabrication, wide viewing angle, better lifetime etc. [5][6][7][8] On the other hand, there is still scope of improvement in such devices in terms of current density, luminesce and lifetime.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Depth Analysis of Variation in Characteristic Performance of OLED with Respect to Position of Charge Generation Layer

Yadav,

Mittal,

Negi

2023

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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In this paper, a high performance blue organic light emitting diode having a charge generation layer (CGL) is proposed and compared with the other five CGL and non-CGL based devices. The utilized CGL layer in the different structure consists of two materials; HAT-CN (hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile) and TAPC (1,1-bis[(di-4-tolyamino)phenyl)]cyclohexane,) for electrons and holes generation, correspondingly. In the proposed novel structure, the CGL layer is incorporated outside of the emissive layer (EML) which significantly enhances the device performance in terms of current and luminescence. The device exhibits luminescence and current values as 3636.3 cd m−2 and 0.44 A, respectively. Furthermore, this paper represents in-depth internal analysis of the six devices (D1-D6). This analysis is provided by drawing horizontal and vertical cutlines inside the devices. The proposed device is analysed and compared with other mentioned devices in terms of several parameters such as Langevin recombination rate, electron concentration, hole concentration, band energy, total current density, electron affinity, hole QFL (quasi-Fermi level), conduction current density, potential distribution and electron/hole mobility. In comparison with D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, the current of the proposed device (D6) is about 16.9, 2.2, 1.7, 3 and 1.6 times improved, correspondingly. Moreover, structural analysis is also included to understand the performance of the devices more precisely.

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Recent advancements over a decade for organic light-emitting diodes: from structural diversity, role of layers, colour emission, material classification, performance improvement, fabrication to applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 135 publications

Study on Working Principle, Structure, Enhancement Technology, and Applications of Organic Light-emitting Diodes

Study on Working Principle, Structure, Enhancement Technology, and Applications of Organic Light-emitting Diodes

The Design and Progress of Organic Light-Emitting Diode

An In-Depth Analysis of Variation in Characteristic Performance of OLED with Respect to Position of Charge Generation Layer

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