Recent advances and future trends in articular cartilage repair

Abstract

Hyaline cartilage is an absolute necessity for a painless and a fully functional joint. A chondral or an osteochondral injury that doesn’t heal or doesn’t undergo a timely repair, eventually lead to arthritis. Many surgical options have been advocated and practiced in last three decades to treat the chondral and the osteochondral lesions. While some of the techniques are now available with the long term results, many techniques have evolved further to produce better results and lesser complications. Newer technologies have also been developed and they are looking promising. In 2020, it is timely to do a literature review of all the techniques suggested and practiced in last three decades and analyze their current status. It is also prudent to envisage, what can we expect in near future from the recent technologies on cartilage repair. The purpose of this paper is to update about the recent status of the established procedures and to review the future trends in cartilage repair.

Arthroscopy: Past, present, and the future

“…Held et al [6] leave the past behind, and in an original and highly valuable article, discuss those advances and trends in multi-ligament injuries of the knee relevant to surgeons in countries with lower economic resources. A pair of papers on the relatively new technology behind regenerative [7,8] orthopedics will catch the eye of many readers, I am sure, covering both its history in orthopedics and a discussion of the discipline's future.…”

Impact of the Process Variables on the Yield of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

“…The components of BMAC are a significant amount of growth factors and cytokines in addition to MSCs and other multipotent cells. BMAC can be administered in isolation or as combination therapies in conjunction with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) [ 20 ], stromal vascular fraction (SVF) [ 21 ], or surgical procedures like core decompression [ 22 ], stress-relieving osteotomies [ 23 ], autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) [ 24 ], matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation (MACI) [ 24 ], and osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS) [ 25 ]. Being a minimally invasive procedure, it is tolerated well by patients with better compliance with the post-procedural rehabilitation program.…”