Recent advances in anticancer ruthenium Schiff base complexes

Abstract

Nowadays in cancer treatment, both metal complexes and organic molecules are being widely used. Current years have seen a surge of interest in the application of organometallic compounds to treat cancer and other diseases. Undeniably, the unique properties of organometallic compounds, intermediate between those of classical inorganic and organic materials, provide new opportunities in the field of medicinal chemistry. Since the discovery of cisplatin, many transition metal complexes have been synthesized and assayed for anticancer activity. In recent years, ruthenium-based Schiff base complexes have emerged as promising antitumor and antimetastatic agents with potential uses in treatment of platinum-resistant tumors or as alternatives to platinum-based chemotherapy. Advantages of utilizing ruthenium complexes in drug development include reliable methods of synthesizing stable complexes; the ability to tune ligand affinities, electron transfer and substitution rates, and reduction potentials; and an increasing knowledge of the biological effects of such complexes. This great expansion of ruthenium-based Schiff base complexes is mainly due to the unique ability of the ruthenium core to permit multiple oxidation states, hence versatile electron-transfer pathways, and because of the ease of preparation with versatile and variable-denticity Schiff base ligands. This review aims to bring the reader up to date with the more recent Ru(II)/ (III)-based Schiff base complexes that have been synthesized and investigated for their cytotoxicity.

Recent Progress in Metal‐Incorporated Acyclic Schiff‐Base Derivatives: Biological Aspects

“…Numerous Schiff-bases and their derivatives have been reported to possess promising biological properties and several review articles have been published in the past few years. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Recently, review articles regarding the biological applications of macrocyclic Schiff-base ligands and their metal complexes have been published. [32,34] However, no comprehensive review has been published recently on the biological properties of metallic derivatives of acyclic Schiff-base ligands.…”

“…[34] Macrocyclic Schiff-bases [32][33][34] have found important applications in macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry, and various heterocyclic Schiff-bases and their derivatives play crucial roles in medicinal chemistry. [35,36] Furthermore, depend-to their structural flexibility, they can be synthetically modified and fine-tuned for specific biological applications and many metallic [3,15,17,18,[37][38][39] and non-metallic [15,[40][41][42][43][44] derivatives of Schiffbases are being researched extensively to develop new compounds with desired biological properties. The imine or azomethine group in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of Schiff-bases have shown the considerable chemical and biological importance for the lone pair of electrons in the sp 2 -hybridized orbital of nitrogen atom of the À C=NÀ group.…”

Ruthenium Complexes: An Alternative to Platinum Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Treatment

“…Over the past few decades, transition metal-based compounds have been extensively used in the anticancer medicinal chemistry area [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Platinum (Pt)-based medications such as cisplatin (CIS) and its analogs carboplatin (CAR) and oxaliplatin (OXA) ( Figure 1 ) have been used worldwide in cancer treatment [ 16 ].…”

Structural studies of N-(methoxysalicylidene)-fluoroaniline, N-(methoxysalicylidene)-chloroaniline and N-(methoxysalicylidene)-bromoaniline derivatives

“…The relatively easy synthesis of a wide range of Schiff bases makes them versatile ligands and consequently they have found widespread use in many areas including organometallic chemistry (Kargar et al, 2020), polymer synthesis (Mighani, 2020), anticancer drugs (Parveen, 2020), catalysts (Kumari et al, 2019) and sensors (Sahu et al, 2020). In addition, Schiff bases themselves have been found to display interesting properties with anils, Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde derivatives with aniline derivatives, having been found to exhibit both thermo-and photochromism in the solid-state (Senier & Shepheard, 1909;Cohen & Schmidt, 1962;Cohen et al, 1964).…”