Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Nano-Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Infectious diseases are among the major health issues of the 21st century. The substantial use of antibiotics over the years has contributed to the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria. According to a recent report by the World Health Organization, antibacterial (ATB) drug resistance has been one of the biggest challenges, as well as the development of effective long-term ATBs. Since pathogens quickly adapt and evolve through several strategies, regular ATBs usually may result in temporary or noneffective treatments. Therefore, the demand for new therapies methods, such as nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS), has aroused huge interest due to its potentialities to improve the drug bioavailability and targeting efficiency, including liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and others. Given the relevance of this subject, this review aims to summarize the progress of recent research in antibacterial therapeutic drugs supported by nanobiotechnological tools.

Biodegradable Polymers and Polymer Composites with Antibacterial Properties

“…The use of biodegradable antibacterial carriers in the release of antibacterial drugs is also fascinating. Such systems in the form of nanoparticles (micelles, nanogels, or polymersomes) releasing antibiotics show significantly increased activity ( Figure 25 ) and allow the elimination of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria due to the expected synergistic effect [ 573 , 574 , 575 ].…”

Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery: challenges and future perspectives

“…The antibiotics in question have exhibited effectiveness against bacteria that are resistant to multiple drugs, and possess the capability to improve the outcome of cardiac surgery patients [37,38] . Besides novel antimicrobial agents, inventive drug delivery systems could potentially mitigate the challenges associated with antibiotic utilization [39] in the context of cardiac surgery. The administration of antibiotics to the surgical site in a localized manner has the potential to decrease systemic exposure, mitigate the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes, and enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.…”

“…The administration of antibiotics to the surgical site in a localized manner has the potential to decrease systemic exposure, mitigate the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes, and enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. The utilization of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems presents a promising opportunity for the administration of local antibiotics [39] . They offer potential advantages such as targeted delivery, and enhanced pharmacokinetics.…”

Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Organic Molecules to Bacterial Cells—A Mini-Review

“…Solutions are also used, in which the compound to be delivered to the cell is not encapsulated in the carrier but deposited on its surface. This approach includes many nanoparticle-based pharmaceutical delivery systems [ 92 ]. Among the compounds that increase bioavailability—especially antibiotics with relatively small molecules—polymers are very useful.…”