Recent advances in biochar engineering for soil contaminated with complex chemical mixtures: Remediation strategies and future perspectives

Bioengineered biochar as smart candidate for resource recovery toward circular bio-economy: a review

“…The application of targeted microorganisms will modify biochar either by increase in surface area, colonization, and development of biofilm. The common strategy adopted is employing beneficial microbes for surface coating of biochar for improving remediation performance [ 26 , 27 ]. This will enhance the adsorption efficiency of different pollutants.…”

“…It also adsorbs pharmaceutical compounds including metoprolol, carbamazepine, caffeine, and ranitidine that were degraded effectively from sewage water. The utilization of consolidate obtained by amalgamation of biologically treated feedstock (digestate) and biochar were also used as bioengineered biochar [ 27 ]. The results indicate that anaerobic digestion-mediated modifications lead to an increase in surface area, anion exchange capacities, pH and adsorption potential [ 30 ].…”

“…Digestate, a rich source of micronutrients, increases microbial activities and population. It is a rich nutrient source containing a diverse and dense population of microbes [ 27 ]. The consequent increase in the bacterial population and activities lead to the removal of the contaminants [ 103 , 104 ].…”

“…These enzymes act upon the target substrates in the environment to break down into simpler compounds. The polyaromatic hydrocarbons are mineralized to CO 2 and H 2 O [ 27 ]. Microbes sequester the pollutants either through bioaccumulation or adsorption process.…”

“…Microbes sequester the pollutants either through bioaccumulation or adsorption process. The microbial cell walls contain negatively charged functional groups such as amino, carboxylate, sulfate, hydroxyl, phosphate, and amine, which can bind to metal ions and thereby sequester them from the soil [ 27 ]. In a study, a bacterial strain NT-2 ( Pseudomonas sp.)…”