Recent advances in biomaterial-boosted adoptive cell therapy

Abstract

The advancements, challenges, and perspectives of biomaterial-based strategies for enhancing adoptive cell therapy to combat various malignant diseases.

Application of lipid-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy

“…In addition, complicated manufacturing protocols and high costs can also impede the application of CAR-T in a broader patient population (163, 164). Therefore, novel ex vivo transfection technologies are needed for a safer and affordable adoptive cell therapy (165)(166)(167). Lipid-based NPs containing coding DNA or mRNA showed outstanding efficacy in transient transfection in preclinical studies.…”

Recent advances in biomaterial-assisted cell therapy

“…9 Recent years have witnessed explosive growth in materials science, thereby developing various sophisticated biomaterials, both synthetic and This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2022 natural, that could function as delivery carriers and protection scaffolds to enhance the retention and viability of the therapeutic cells. 16,61 Additionally, these biomaterials could endow the cell-based therapeutics with novel functions and thus maximize their potential in disease treatments. Furthermore, with the assistance of the rationally designed biomaterials, the cell behaviors could be more precisely traced and redirected, providing new possibilities for cell therapies.…”

“…1,6 Emerging approaches based on genetic engineering and synthetic biology may provide the solutions to overcome these difficulties, such as removal of checkpoint molecules, upregulation of tumorhoming receptors, and expression of functional secretory proteins to modulate the microenvironment. 16 While the genetic modifications facilitate T cells to overcome some challenges, other obstacles, such as expansion difficulties, on-target but off-tumor side effects, and neurotoxicities, have challenged the applications of genetically engineered immune cells. 63 Biomaterials have been widely used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and tissue engineering for decades by serving as effective components or auxiliary ingredients.…”

“…15 Novel biomaterials can facilitate the clinical translation of cellular products by providing reliable solutions to the obstacles mentioned above. 16 With the assistance of engineered biomaterials, it is possible to mimic the in vivo microenvironment and provide a well-defined ecological niche for cells, thus stably producing a cellular phenotype consistent with in vivo function. 17 Biomaterials can support specific behaviors such as homing and directed differentiation of certain cells and maintain long-term cellular activity.…”

Tumor-Derived Membrane Vesicles: A Promising Tool for Personalized Immunotherapy

“…The major limitation to the broader success of immunotherapy treatments is not the lack of rational therapeutic targets but rather how to successfully reach these targets at the right time and place. Therefore, it is necessary to develop personalized therapeutic modalities that promote systemic and durable anti-tumor immunity to eradicate malignancies and prevent metastasis and recurrence completely [ 22 ].…”