Recent Advances in Catalyst Design for Carboxylation Using CO2 as the C1 Feedstock

Abstract

Carbon dioxide is ideal for carboxylation reactions as a renewable and sustainable C1 feedstock and has significant recognition owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance. To depreciate the environmental concentration of CO2, which causes the greenhouse gas effect, developing new catalytic protocols for organic synthesis in CO2 utilization is of great importance. This review focuses on carboxylation reactions using CO2 as a C1 feedstock to synthesize value-added functionalized carboxylic acids and their corresponding derivatives via catalytically generated allyl metal intermediates, photoredox catalysis, and electrocatalysis with a focus on recent developments and opportunities in catalyst design for carboxylation reactions. In this article, we describe recent developments in the carboxylation of C–H bonds, alkenes, and alkynes using CO2 as the C1 source for various reactions under different conditions, as well as the potential direction for the further development of CO2 utilization in organic synthesis.

Nanostructured Solid/Liquid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Esterification: The Key to Convert Liability into Assets

“…Thus, converting the liability from biodiesel industry into the asset, adhering to the principles of circular economic approach, while at the same time improving the process economics and profitability of the overall biorefinery concept. In continuation of our group's interest in biomass derived drop in fuels [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and environmental catalysis [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], herein we have critically reviewed the upgrading glycerol to glycerol esters as the products.…”

Nanostructured Solid/Liquid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Esterification: The Key to Convert Liability into Assets

“…Thus, this accomplishes the conversion of the liability from the biodiesel industry into assets while adhering to the principles of the circular economy approach and improving the process economics and profitability of the overall biorefinery concept. In continuation of our group's interest in a biomass-derived drop in fuels [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and an environmental catalysis [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], herein, we have critically reviewed the upgrading of glycerol to glycerol esters as the products.…”