Recent Advances in Characterizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Crohnʼs Disease

Wright, Emily K; Kamm, Michael A.; Teo, Shu Mei; Inouye, Michael; Wagner, Josef; Kirkwood, Carl D.

doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000382

Cited by 155 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…21 CD and UC patients exhibit dysbiosis consisting of decreased proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and increased proportions of microbial commensal communities, such as those in the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, or elevation of specific pathogenic organisms, such as adherent-evasive E. coli. 4,22,23,24 A study by Morgan et al, correlated variation between the gut microbiome of IBD patients and a number of environmental factors, including treatment with anti-TNF drugs. 23 Anti-TNF therapeutics dampens inflammation in IBD, at least in part, by modulating the gut microbiota, inducing T cell apoptosis, and by inhibiting vasculitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of TNF, IBD and the Microbiome

Jones-Hall

Nakatsu

2016

Gut Microbes

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition of multifactorial etiology and risk factors. Currently, one of the most effective treatments for IBD is the use of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) functional inhibitor drugs, however, this treatment can cause adverse reactions and has a relatively large percentage of incomplete or non-responders. This lack of response may be related to differences in patients' gut microbiomes prior to and after disease initiation or treatment. Recent observations in our lab using a rodent model of IBD support the theory that TNF drives acute colitis, but also that the microbiome differs in association with TNF production and colitis severity. Studies such as this and others provide new insights into host-microbiome interactions associated with colitis that can lead to new therapies to prevent or treat the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of TNF, IBD and the Microbiome

Jones-Hall

Nakatsu

2016

Gut Microbes

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“…(2015), Alterações na composição e função microbiana foram descritas, embora ainda não seja estabelecido um papel causador. Estudos longitudinais maiores, prospectivos e longitudinais são necessários com interrogação profunda do microbioma se for determinada a causalidade, e a manipulação microbiana refinada deve emergir como uma terapia focada 26 . Atualmente, tem-se apenas uma compreensão primitiva de como o microbioma intestinal influencia o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro.…”

Section: Doença De Crohnunclassified

Síndrome de Turner, Tireoidite de Hashimoto e doença de Crohn em irmãs: relato de caso

Rodrigues¹,

Duarte²,

Menezes³

et al. 2017

Rev Pat Tocantins

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A Síndrome de Turner é caracterizada citogeneticamente pela presença de um cromossomo X e perda total ou parcial do segundo cromossomo sexual, ocorrendo em aproximadamente 1:2.130 nascidos vivos do sexo feminino. A Tireoidite de Hashimoto é um distúrbio autoimune decorrente de resposta imune anormal à glândula tireoide, tanto do ponto de vista humoral como celular. A doença de Crohn é uma doença crônica recidivante que afeta todas as partes do tubo digestivo, sendo multifatorial, em que fatores de ordem genética, imunológica e ambientais têm uma relevância preponderante no início e na perpetuação da lesão tecidual imunomediada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de três pacientes de uma mesma família. Caso 1, primeira gemelar (dizigótica), 8 anos de idade, sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de Tireoidite de Hashimoto. Caso 2 (segunda gemelar), sexo feminino, com o diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner. Caso 3 (primogênita), sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de Doença de Crohn. Duas filhas de um casal hígido manifestaram doenças autoimunes, as quais têm incidência aumentada na síndrome de Turner. Doenças endócrinas autoimunes possuem mecanismos complexos com a participação de vários fatores, como a susceptibilidade genética, eventos ambientais e resposta autoimune, porém, neste caso, não se encontrou história familiar positiva além da geração estudada. Outros estudos familiares, como este que se propõe, com múltiplos membros acometidos, poderão identificar associações cada vez mais consistentes entre essas doenças, além daquelas ainda não suspeitadas. Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Turner, Tireoidite de Hashimoto, Doença de Crohn, Hereditariedade. ABSTRACT Turner syndrome is characterized cytogenetically by the presence of an X chromosome and total or partial loss of the second sex chromosome, occurring in approximately 1:2,130 live female births. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder resulting from an abnormal immune response to the thyroid gland, both from a humoral and cellular point of view. Crohn's disease is a chronic recurrent disease that affects all parts of the digestive tract, being multifactorial, in which genetic, immunological and environmental factors have a preponderant relevance at the beginning and the perpetuation of immune-mediated tissue injury. The objective of this study was to report the case of three patients from the same family. Case 1, first twin (dizygotic), 8 years old, female, with diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Case 2 (second twin), female, with the diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. Case 3 (first-born), female, with diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. Two daughters of a healthy couple have manifested autoimmune diseases, which have an increased incidence in Turner syndrome. Autoimmune endocrine diseases have complex mechanisms with the participation of several factors, such as genetic susceptibility, environmental events and autoimmune response, but in this case, no positive family history was found beyond the generation studied. Other family studies, such as this one proposed, with multiple affected members, will be able to identify increasingly consistent associations between these diseases, in addition to those not yet suspected. Keywords: Turner syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Crohn's disease, Heredity.

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“…9 Of the four main bacterial phyla found in the gut, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, increases in Bacteroidetes and a reduction in Firmicutes are commonly associated with disease. Changes to the abundance of specific organisms have also been associated with IBD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammation in temporal shifts in the inflammatory bowel disease mucosal microbiome

2018

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Studies of the human intestinal microbiome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consistently show that there are differences (an abnormal or unbalanced microbiome, “dysbiosis”) when compared to healthy subjects. We sought to describe changes in the microbiome in individual patients over time, and determine the clinical factors that are associated with significant alteration. Forty-two mucosal biopsies were collected from 20 patients that were spaced an average of 2.4 years apart. These were analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing methods. Presence of active inflammation was determined endoscopically and histologically. Inferred metagenomics analysis was conducted using the PICRUSt package. We found that the differences in the microbiome over time in individual patients were greatest in the presence of ongoing intestinal inflammation, as determined by the Yue and Clayton theta distance between sample pairs (adjusted p = 0.00031). Samples from patients with previous abdominal surgery had lower alpha (within sample) diversity compared with those with no prior operations (mean Shannon index 2.083, 2.510 respectively, p = 0.017). There were no changes in the inferred bacterial metagenomic profile. The microbiome in IBD undergoes considerable fluctuation over time. These changes are greatest when there is histologically confirmed inflammation at both time-points.

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Recent Advances in Characterizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Crohnʼs Disease

Abstract: Article first published online 3 April 2015.

Cited by 155 publications

References 91 publications

The Intersection of TNF, IBD and the Microbiome

The Intersection of TNF, IBD and the Microbiome

Síndrome de Turner, Tireoidite de Hashimoto e doença de Crohn em irmãs: relato de caso

The role of inflammation in temporal shifts in the inflammatory bowel disease mucosal microbiome

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