Recent Advances in Chiral Analysis for Biosamples in Clinical Research and Forensic Toxicology

Abstract

This article covers current methods and applications in chiral analysis from 2010 to 2020 for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Sample preparation for aqueous and solid biological samples prior to instrumental analysis were discussed in the article. GC, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and sub/supercritical fluid chromatography provide the efficient tools for chiral drug analysis coupled to fluorescence, UV and MS detectors. The application of chiral analysis is discussed in the article, which involves differentiation between clinical use and drug abuse, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacology/toxicology evaluations and chiral inversion. Typical chiral analytes, including amphetamines and their analogs, anesthetics, psychotropic drugs, β-blockers and some other chiral compounds, are also reviewed.

Enantioselectivity in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity: Pharmacological Relevance and Analytical Methods

“…The study of chiral drug enantioselectivity/stereoselectivity is important to provide an explanation of the effect–concentration relationships in plasma, urine, and even feces, which should not be based on the total concentration of the drug. Due to improvements in the sensitivity and selectivity of biological assays, together with developments in chiral analysis, the studies of the enantioselective drug disposition have been accomplished [ 62 ].…”

“…To follow the enantioselective behavior in ADME-Tox, a suitable analytical method is needed. Chiral bioanalytical assays are important to study the different concentrations of individual enantiomers and/or their chiral metabolites in biological samples, in order to evaluate all pharmacokinetic events [ 62 , 63 ]. In addition, chiral analysis are crucial to assess the presence of chiral inversion or racemization caused during the biotransformation process [ 12 , 64 ].…”

“…Along with the development of novel and simple sample preparation procedures, chromatography is the main analytical technique used nowadays. A recent review covered current methods and applications in chiral analysis in biological samples for clinical and forensic research [ 62 ]. The sample preparation processes, the analysis by chromatography (gas (GC) and liquid (LC)), capillary electrophoresis, and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a diversity of detectors have been presented and discussed in a previous study [ 62 ].…”

“…A recent review covered current methods and applications in chiral analysis in biological samples for clinical and forensic research [ 62 ]. The sample preparation processes, the analysis by chromatography (gas (GC) and liquid (LC)), capillary electrophoresis, and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a diversity of detectors have been presented and discussed in a previous study [ 62 ]. Bioanalysis by capillary electromigration (CE) methods have also been recently revised [ 65 ].…”

Preparation of a novel bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase by thiol–ene click chemistry for enhanced enantioseparation in HPLC

“…Many studies have shown that the enantiomers of chiral compounds tend to demonstrate obvious differences in biological activity, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, [1][2][3] which makes enantioseparation a hot research topic in food chemistry, the pharmaceutical industry and environmental protection. 4,5 So far, conventional enantiomer resolution methods include chemical resolution, enzyme kinetic resolution, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 6 gas chromatography, 7 and capillary electrochromatography.…”