Recent advances in clinical use of opioids

Chevlen, Eric

doi:10.1007/s11916-004-0053-5

Current Science Inc

2004

DOI: 10.1007/s11916-004-0053-5

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Recent advances in clinical use of opioids

Eric Chevlen

Abstract: Opioid therapy for pain is the subject of numerous randomized clinical trials. Opioids are being developed for delivery by a wide variety of mechanisms. New opioids are becoming available for clinical use. This review surveys recent developments in these clinical trials and provides an overview of what may be expected in the near future for opioid management of pain.

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Cited by 2 publications

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Rapid Quantification of Urinary Oxycodone and Oxymorphone Using Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

McKinley¹,

Snyder²,

Welsh³

et al. 2007

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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Human urine specimens that were determined to be presumptively positive for oxycodone and its metabolite, oxymorphone, by immunoassay screening were assayed using fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to positively identify and quantify the oxycodone and oxymorphone present. Urine specimens were first spiked with deuterated internal standards, oxycodone-d(3) and oxymorphone-d(3), subjected to acid hydrolysis, and then extracted using a positive-pressure manifold and mixed-bed solid-phase cartridge extraction methodology. Extracts were derivatized using methoxylamine and acetic anhydride. The acetylated-oxime derivatives of oxycodone and oxymorphone were identified and quantified using a selective ion monitoring (SIM). The method was found to be linear for both analytes to 1600 ng/mL, and limits of detection for oxycodone and oxymorphone were found to be 40 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL, respectively. Interlaboratory data comparisons (n = 40) showed correlation coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9997 for oxycodone and oxymorphone, respectively. Twelve semisynthetic, structurally similar compounds at concentrations of 5000 ng/mL were assayed in the presence of oxycodone and oxymorphone and found not to interfere with identification and quantitation by this method. Finally, exact mass and tandem mass spectrometry techniques were employed to elucidate the structures of the SIM ions.

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Rapid Quantification of Urinary Oxycodone and Oxymorphone Using Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

McKinley¹,

Snyder²,

Welsh³

et al. 2007

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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show abstract

Effects of Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E on the Development of Morphine Dependency in Mice

et al. 2020

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Background: Antioxidant drugs may be useful in preventing morphine-induced dependency bysuppressing oxidative stress. Vitamin E which has many essential roles in the body is a powerfulantioxidant. On the other hand, selenium is an essential trace element that plays a strong rolein various biochemical pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodiumselenite and vitamin E on morphine-induced dependency in mice. Methods: Ninety male mice, weighing 20 to 30 g, were randomly divided into 10 groups and weretreated as follows: a) saline and b) morphine groups were pretreated (for 2 days) with normalsaline (10 ml.kg-1.day-1, ip) then daily doses of normal saline (10 ml.kg-1.day-1, ip) and morphine(50 mg.kg-1.day-1) were added to the injections for the following 4 days, respectively. c, d, e)sodium selenite, f, g, h) vitamin E, i) vitamin E solvent (almond oil) and j) co-administrationgroups were pretreated (for 2 days) with sodium selenite (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg.kg-1.day-1, ip), vitaminE (20, 40, 60 IU.kg-1.day-1, ip), vitamin E solvent (10 ml.kg-1.day-1, ip) and combination of thedrugs respectively, then morphine doses (50 mg.kg-1.day-1, ip) were added to the injections forthe following 4 days. Withdrawal symptoms were evaluated after injecting naloxone (4 mg/kg/day). Biochemical evaluations were also performed. Results: The results showed that co-administration of sodium selenite and vitamin E (at lowdoses) significantly reduced morphine dependency (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The synergistic effect of sodium selenite and vitamin E can be a suitable andefficient approach to reduce dependency.

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Recent advances in clinical use of opioids

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Rapid Quantification of Urinary Oxycodone and Oxymorphone Using Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Rapid Quantification of Urinary Oxycodone and Oxymorphone Using Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Effects of Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E on the Development of Morphine Dependency in Mice

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