Recent advances in energy efficient-QoS aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor network

Abstract

The emergence of wireless technologies has facilitated immense opportunities for optimal and efficient communication system. WSN is an effective communication technique which has expanded the application space ranging from public utilities, industrial monitoring and control, and defense and military operations. In general, WSN plays a significant role in wireless communication tool, and it has a great potential to serve as the next generation communication technology and for the future ubiquitous network. Such robustness have widened the usability of WSNs into various major applications and as such the technological development is expanding rapidly across the scientific horizon.

QoS Strategies for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks in the Context of IoT at the MAC Layer, Application Layer, and Cross-Layer Algorithms

“…However, they do not discuss any application layer techniques. Muzakkari et al [13] survey some recent WSN contention-based, scheduling-based, and hybrid MAC protocols whereby they focus on the underlying principles, advantages, limitations, and their applications. But much as they only focus on MAC protocols, they still leave out a number of them in their survey.…”

“…Year Characteristics Bhandary et al [1] 2016 Routing strategies in WMSNs, properties, and limitations Muzakkari et al [13] 2018 WSN contention-based, scheduling-based, and hybrid MAC protocols Ahmad et al [12] 2011 QoS-aware MAC protocols for WSNs Muzakkari et al [13] 2010 QoS provisioning at the levels of routing, MAC layer, and cross-layer Shatnawi [14] 2016 IoT application layer protocols Karagiannis et al [15] 2015 Application layer protocols for the Internet of things Bernard et al [16] 2019 Cross-layer QoS strategies for the IoT in WMSNs AlAmri and Abdullah [17] 2017 Cross-layer QoS protocols for WMSNs Guo et al [20] 2012 Cross-layer and multipath-based video transmission for WMSNs Ksentini [25], and t is thus given by the comparison in the following equation:…”

“…Being a receiver-initiated model, it ensures substantial reduction in overhearing and lowers the probability of colliding and the cost of recovery compared to B-MAC [23] or X-MAC [32]. RI-MAC is further capable of using a beacon with ACK and Ready-to-Receive packets though it has a problem if a sending node with Ready packets needs to have the radio on till a ready-to-receive node is awake [13] which then sends it a beacon and transmission begins immediately and later is acknowledged by another beacon. Nodes intermittently wake up to listen to any possible frames meant for them depending on their schedules.…”

“…e beacon is a small packet alerting other listening nodes of the transmitter's readiness to get a request for channel. It consists of the receiver's ID and the duration allocation period (DAP) that relies on number of the receiving node's neighbors [13]. Allocation period: here, the receiving node stays awake for some little time after broadcasting its beacon to confirm if there is any node having an RTS packet to transmit.…”

“…Its design comprises many frames with each having many time slots which at the beginning have got a beacon transmitted to synchronize and exchange information with neighbors. Nodes to participate in the subsequent session are selected by the controlled node, so they do not go into the sleep mode with others [13]. is protocol operates under four time slot divisions, namely, initial, wait, discover, and active states.…”