Recent Advances in Ester Synthesis by Multi-Component Reactions (MCRs): A Review

Abstract

: The synthesis of ester containing heterocyclic compounds via multicomponent reaction is one of the most preferable process in the synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Compounds containing ester linkage have a wide range of biological application in the pharmaceutical field. Therefore, many method have been developed for the synthesis of these type of derivatives. However, some of them are carried out in the presence of toxic solvents and catalysts, with lower yields, longer reaction times, low selectivities and by-products. Thus, the development of new synthetic methods for the ester synthesis is required in the medicinal chemistry. As we know, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a powerful tool towards the one-pot ester synthesis, so in this article we have reviewed the recent developments in ester synthesis. This work covers selected explanation of methods via multicomponent reactions to explore the methodological development in ester synthesis.

Recent advances in Cu-catalyzed carbonylation with CO

“…Therefore, many methods have been developed for the synthesis of these types of derivatives. 18 Carbonylation esterification using CO as the carbonyl source is the commonly known strategy to produce esters. In the presence of CO, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkenes or alkynes react with alcohols to synthesize ester derivatives.…”

A COF template-derived mesoporous CeO2-supported Au nanoparticles catalyst for the oxidative esterification of benzaldehydes and benzyl alcohols

“…1–3 Generally, esters are prepared by the reaction between organic acids and alcohols, 4 the reaction between carboxylates and halogenated hydrocarbons, 5 and the transesterification of carboxylates with alcohols. 6 However, these conventional methods exhibit disadvantages, including the production of considerable by-products and chemical waste that are deleterious to the environment, severe corrosion of reaction equipment, and harsh reaction conditions. 7,8 Therefore, designing and constructing a green and sustainable strategy for synthesizing esters is imperative.…”

One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydrocoumarins via C-H Oxidation/Conjugate Addition/Cyclization Cascade Reaction

“…Despite this progress, the development of new and efficient synthetic methods for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin is still highly desirable. Cascade cyclization reactions have attracted much attention in the past few decades, providing practical protocols for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules with the convenience afforded by shortening the reaction steps [29,30]. To the best of our knowledge, the single-pot synthesis of dihydrocoumarins from the in situ generation of o-QMs via C-H oxidation of benzyl phenol has not been reported.…”