Recent Advances in Fuel Additives and Their Spray Characteristics for Diesel-Based Blends

Haq, Muteeb ul; Jafry, Ali Turab; Ahmad, Saad; Cheema, Taqi Ahmad; Ansari, Munib Qasim; Abbas, Naseem

doi:10.3390/en15197281

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In parallel, the improvement of biodiesel production, in order to make this process as competitive as possible compared to petrol-based refineries, has gained attention from researchers from many fields. Thus, the use of different catalysts (both homogeneous and heterogeneous) [6], feedstocks (including microalgae) [7] or additives [8] to improve the performance of biodiesel, among other things, have been popular topics of research.…”

Section: Introduction 1the Role Of Biodiesel In Global Energy Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation

et al. 2023

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The use of alternatives for petroleum-based products is becoming more and more important, especially considering the new and constantly changing geopolitical context, where excessive energy dependence is not desirable. Thus, biodiesel could play an important role in contributing to the implementation of biorefineries, which represent desirable goals in terms of sustainability, green chemistry and the circular economy. However, one challenge related to biodiesel based on vegetable oils is its low oxidative stability, which can alter the properties of these products during storage. To avoid this problem, interesting antioxidants, such as propyl gallate (PG), could be added to biodiesel to allow it to keep its main properties during oxidation. Additionally, monitoring PG content during oxidation is interesting, and the use of voltammetry could be suitable for this purpose. The aim of this work was to assess the effectiveness of PG during cardoon biodiesel oxidation, while monitoring the process through cyclic voltammetry (CV). As a result, it was proven that PG was highly effective, increasing the length of oxidative stability to more than 10 h at low concentrations (600 mg·L−1) and retaining its main properties (viscosity and acidity) during oxidation. Regarding CV, this technique was successfully optimized to determine PG concentration in cardoon biodiesel during oxidation.

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Section: Introduction 1the Role Of Biodiesel In Global Energy Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation

et al. 2023

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“…The ignition-delay time refers to the time interval between the start of fuel injection or the introduction of an ignition source and the onset of visible combustion. A constant-volume chamber alongside a rapid compression machine (RCM) or a shock tube, is typically used for ignition-delay measurements [19]. These chambers provide controlled conditions and allow for the precise measurements of the ignition-delay time.…”

Section: Experimental Analysis Of Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diesel can be blended with oxygenated additives like alcohols or ethers to obtain desirable results [15,16]. These additives reduce the viscosity of the biodiesel blend and may also reduce emissions in a diesel engine when blended with biodiesel [17][18][19]. In most cases, utilizing biodiesel with or without diesel reduces the engine performance by increasing brake-specific fuel consumption and decreasing brake thermal efficiency [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Second-Generation Biodiesel with Oxygenated Additives

et al. 2023

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Biofuels are environmental friendly renewable fuels, that can be directly used in a diesel engine. However, a few shortcomings like a higher density, viscosity, a lower calorific value and increase in NOx emissions, has caused researchers to look for fuel additives to improve the physiochemical properties of these fuels and to enhance their performance and reduce harmful emissions. It is for this reason that modern research is focused on blending oxygenated additives such as alcohols and ethers with different generations of biodiesel. Since most studies have covered the effect of alcohol on biodiesel, there are few studies which have investigated the effect of oxygenated additives such as alcohols and ethers, especially related to second-generation biodiesel. Moreover, the details of their composition and molecular structure are still lacking. Hence, this study focuses on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel with the inclusion of oxygenated additives (alcohols and ethers) of non-edible-oil-based second-generation blends. The reviewed results showed that Neem biodiesel with methanol or diethyl ether reduced brake-specific fuel consumption by 10%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 25% and reduced CO and HC emissions due to a higher oxygen content. Diethyl ether reduced NOx emissions as well by producing a cooling effect, i.e., a reduced in-cylinder temperature. The addition of heptane, butanol and di ethyl ether to Jatropha biodiesel showed an improved brake thermal efficiency and an increment in brake-specific fuel consumption (5–20%), with reduced HC and CO2 (3–12%) emissions. Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel also showed impressive results in terms of improving efficiency and reducing emissions with addition of butanol, pentanol, decanol and hexanol. Other factors that influenced emissions are the cetane number, viscosity, density and the latent heat of evaporation of tested biodiesel blends. This review would help the research community and the relevant industries to consider an efficient biodiesel blend for future study or its implementation as an alternate fuel in diesel engines.

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“…Moreover, none of the mentioned literature has presented smoke emissions data. Some of the recent and relevant review papers for biodiesel-based blends with NP additives are by Lv et al [47], Haq et al [48], and Ampah et al [49]. Lv et al [47] reviewed the effects of nano-additives added to diesel-biodiesel fuel blends on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies in their review mention that adding cerium oxide or ceria nanoparticles to diesel–biodiesel fuel blends can improve combustion and reduce emissions to varying degrees. Haq et al [ 48 ] reviewed fuel additives, including nano-additives and their spray characteristics, for diesel-based fuel blends. They confirmed that cerium oxide nanoparticles have high surface/volume ratio and cause improvement in chain reactions during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Effect of Nanoceria Blended with CIME Biodiesel on Engine Characteristics

et al. 2022

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Diesel fuel blends with biodiesels are expected to mitigate the rising price and demand of conventional fuels. Biodiesel fuel blends are also known to reduce engine emissions. Biodiesel is produced from various sources, one of which is Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester biodiesel (CIMEBD). Even though it serves to mitigate the energy crisis and has a low overall carbon footprint, CIMEBD has certain negative issues relating to engine performance and emission characteristics. Nanoparticle (NP) addition is known to enhance the engine performance characteristics of next generation biofuels. CeO2 (cerium oxide or ceria) NPs of varying size are used in this study along with 25:75 biodiesel–diesel (BD) blend and a fixed NP concentration of 90 ppm. Ceria NP-doped fuel is shown to have better engine performance compared to diesel and BD blend for all load conditions. Improvements in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values equal to +30% and −46%, respectively, are observed from experiments for ceria NP-doped biodiesel, compared to diesel–biodiesel (BD) blend. Ceria NPs in the 20 to 40 nm range have optimum engine performance characteristics. Compared to BD blends, NP-doped biodiesel shows improvements in NOx, CO, CO2, UHC, and soot parameters up to −35%, −60%, −35%, −38%, and −40%, respectively. Likewise, the optimum size of ceria NPs is in the range 20–40 nm for better emission characteristics.

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Recent Advances in Fuel Additives and Their Spray Characteristics for Diesel-Based Blends

Cited by 17 publications

References 123 publications

Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation

Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Second-Generation Biodiesel with Oxygenated Additives

Size Effect of Nanoceria Blended with CIME Biodiesel on Engine Characteristics

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