Recent advances in hydrothermal carbonisation: from tailored carbon materials and biochemicals to applications and bioenergy

Nicolae, Sabina A.; Au, Heather; Modugno, Pierpaolo; Luo, Hui; Szego, Anthony E.; Qiao, Mo; Li, Liang; Wang, Yin; Heeres, Hero J.; Berge, Nicole D.; Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena

doi:10.1039/d0gc00998a

Cited by 187 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 394 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, during the synthesis of AC, the acids were critical in retaining the carbon in the samples. is is supported by Nicolae et al [35] who reported that dehydrating agents such as acids used during the carbonization stage tend to promote bond cleavage reactions and the formation of cross-linkages with organic compounds in the sample while the noncarbon material undergoes the process of devolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell

Mkungunugwa

Shepherd

Chawafambira

et al. 2021

Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Globally, a ninth of people use polluted water sources because an estimated 300–400 Mt of waste and 90% of sewage are discharged into water bodies from industries and developing countries, respectively. The utilisation of indigenous fruit pits in producing novel adsorbents will greatly benefit in wastewater treatment. In most underdeveloped countries, activated carbon (AC) is imported at a high cost. The study was aimed at synthesising and characterisation of AC obtained from Marula nutshell. Carbonization of organic matter from Marula nutshell was carried out at 200°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. Sulphuric (H2SO4) and phosphoric (H3PO4) acids were used as activating agents at concentrations of 20–60% ( v / v ). Physicochemical characteristics of the AC, such as bulk density, moisture, ash, pH, and iodine number, were analyzed using standard methods. Functional groups and total carbon content were determined using the FTIR spectroscopy and Nitrogen Carbon Sulphur (NCS) analyzer, respectively. The values of carbon yield and total carbon in activated samples with H2SO4 and H3PO4 were 32.2–93.2%, 26.9–95.8%, and 46–79%, 20.8–69.8%, respectively. The pH, ash, moisture, and bulk density of activated high carbon samples with H2SO4 ranged from 2.4–6.1, 0.65–3.49%, 1.3–8.4%, and 0.42–0.62 gcm−3, respectively. Activated high carbon samples with H3PO4 had 2.7–3.2, 11.3–29.8%, 4.7–14.6%, and 0.39–0.54 gcm−3 pH, ash, moisture, and bulk density, respectively. The synthesised AC samples with 40% H3PO4 at 500°C had the highest iodine value of 1075.7 mg/g. FTIR results showed the presence of aliphatic carboxylic acid salt, inorganic nitrate (NO3−), and phosphate groups in the synthesised AC and were not significantly different ( p < 0.05 ) from commercial AC. The untreated Marula nutshell had some aliphatic hydrocarbon (alkanes), inorganic phosphate ( PO 4 3 − ), aliphatic ester (–COO), and aliphatic carboxylic acid salt (–C(=O)O–) groups. A novel adsorbent, AC was produced from Marula nutshell with the potential to be used in water treatment.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell

Mkungunugwa

Shepherd

Chawafambira

et al. 2021

Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some routes have been suggested for AHL exploitation as a recirculation substrate in a closed-loop system for AD ( Pecchi and Baratieri, 2019 ) or HTC ( Stemann et al, 2013 ; Weiner et al, 2014 ; Catalkopru et al, 2017 ) to reduce large AHL volumes. Alternatively, considering its high nutrient content, AHL can be used as a nutrient source for microalgae growth ( Levine et al, 2013 ; Belete et al, 2019 ), and for irrigation in agricultural fields ( Nicolae et al, 2020 ), fertilizer production ( Yahav Spitzer et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2019 ), or recovery of chemicals such as N and P ( Becker et al, 2019 ; Ovsyannikova et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Aqueous Phase From Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cow Manure Digestate as Possible Fertilizer Solution for Plant Growth

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Improving the agronomic use of recycled nutrients derived from organic waste is one of the priorities within the measures adopted by the European community to reduce environmental issues but remains an unexplored area of research. This study focused on investigating the possibility of using innovative fertilizer solutions in hydroponic systems for the growth of agricultural plants. To this purpose, a liquid fraction [aqueous hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) liquid (AHL)] derived from HTC of cow manure digestate was chemically characterized (pH, electrical conductivity, mineral elements, and organic compounds such as phytotoxins), diluted with distilled water (1:30, 1:60, and 1:90, v/v) to reduce its potential phytotoxicity, and used to grow hydroponic maize (Zea mays L.) plants instead of the classical full-strength nutrient solution. The results indicated that the dilution ratio 1:30 of the AHL solution maintained a high level of toxicity for the plants (phytotoxic substances, especially Na and alkalinity), inducing the arrest of their growth. Differently, the two other dilution ratios (i.e., 1:60 and 1:90) seemed to considerably limit the levels of toxicity, since they allowed the plants to develop. However, these dilution ratios were poor in nutrient elements, inducing alteration in photosynthesis and an onset of deficiency symptoms such as pronounced leaf chlorosis. In view of an eco-friendly approach, future studies are, therefore, needed to identify the correct species-specific dilution ratio to supply both low levels of phytotoxins and adequate content of essential nutrients for appropriate plant growth and development. Furthermore, in order to lower specific Na phytotoxicity, treatments are of utmost importance before using AHL as a fertilizer solution.

show abstract

“…Selama proses karbonisasi hidotermal, komponen utama lignoselulosa yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin akan mengalami beberapa reaksi seperti hidrolisis, dehidrasi, polimerisasi dan kondensasi yang diaktivatori oleh ion hidronium sebagai hasil autoaktivatoris air [24].…”

Section: Yield Hydrocharunclassified

The Role of N-Doping to the Pore Characteristics of Activated Carbon From Vetiver Root Distillation Waste

Ferawati

Susanti

2021

metal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work studied the effect of nitrogen functional group modification on activated carbon synthesized from vetiver root waste on pores development. Synthesis of activated carbon was carried out by hydrothermal carbonization of vetiver root waste at a temperature of 225 ⁰C for 18 hours followed by chemical activation using K2FeO4as activated agent in a furnace at temperature of 800 ⁰C for 2 hours with nitrogen atmosphere flowed at a rate of 100 mL/minute. Urea was used as a nitrogen source. The variation of urea concentration was 1:0 (AC0–800), 1:3 (AC3–800) and 1:5 (AC5–800). The results showed that these activated carbons have mesoporous characteristics with the largest Brunauer Emmett Teller (SBET) surface area of 552.90 m2g-1 and average pore width 3,43 nm. The presence of nitrogen functional group was observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis. Synthesis of activated carbon from vetiver root waste with an addition of urea is the newest method to produce mesoporous activated carbon for electrode and support catalyst purposes.

show abstract

Recent advances in hydrothermal carbonisation: from tailored carbon materials and biochemicals to applications and bioenergy

Abstract:
Introduced in the literature in 1913 by Bergius, who at the time was studying biomass coalification, Hydrothermal Carbonisation, as many other technologies based on renewables, has been forgotten during the...

Cited by 187 publications

References 394 publications

Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell

Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell

Evaluating the Aqueous Phase From Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cow Manure Digestate as Possible Fertilizer Solution for Plant Growth

The Role of N-Doping to the Pore Characteristics of Activated Carbon From Vetiver Root Distillation Waste

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Recent advances in hydrothermal carbonisation: from tailored carbon materials and biochemicals to applications and bioenergy

Abstract: Introduced in the literature in 1913 by Bergius, who at the time was studying biomass coalification, Hydrothermal Carbonisation, as many other technologies based on renewables, has been forgotten during the...

Cited by 187 publications

References 394 publications

Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell

Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell

Evaluating the Aqueous Phase From Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cow Manure Digestate as Possible Fertilizer Solution for Plant Growth

The Role of N-Doping to the Pore Characteristics of Activated Carbon From Vetiver Root Distillation Waste

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Abstract:
Introduced in the literature in 1913 by Bergius, who at the time was studying biomass coalification, Hydrothermal Carbonisation, as many other technologies based on renewables, has been forgotten during the...