Recent advances in metals and metal oxides as catalysts for vanadium redox flow battery: Properties, structures, and perspectives

Synergistic Catalysis of SnO2-CNTs Composite for VO2+/VO2+ and V2+/V3+ Redox Reactions

“…The proton exchange membrane prevents electrolyte cross-contamination and proton transfer. The electrode is where the electrochemical reaction takes place and is therefore an important part of a VRFB (Lv et al, 2021 ). Carbon-based materials [carbon paper, carbon felt, graphite felt (GF), and so on] are popularly used as electrode materials for VRFB due to their good conductivity, large specific surface area, and low cost.…”

Nanostructured N-doped carbon materials derived from expandable biomass with superior electrocatalytic performance towards V2+/V3+ redox reaction for vanadium redox flow battery

“…As a rational and effective way to use these resources, energy storage system (ESS) has attracted extensive attention [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ESS mainly uses battery technology to achieve energy acquisition, storage, and conversion [9][10][11][12]. Since Skyllas-kazacos et al first proposed vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) in 1980s, VRFB has become one of the most promising energy storage technologies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Ultrasonic‐assisted preparation of Co3O4 and Eu‐doped Co3O4 nanocatalysts and their application for solvent‐free synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzochromenes under microwave irradiation

“…Recently, several novel green approaches have been reported using cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), KF/Al 2 O 3 , basic γ-alumina, MgO, CuSO 4 Á5H 2 O, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), CTABr/ ultrasound irradiation, nanocatalyst, bael fruit extract, water extract of lemon fruit shell ash, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in water. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] One-pot, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are widely used and an approved method due to their atom economy, high efficiency, and selective bond formations for synthesizing different types of heterocyclic compounds such as benzochromens, benzopyrans, and so many other materials with various applications. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Microwave irradiation is a novel and practical technique for reagent activation in synthesis of the organic compounds.…”