Recent advances in modified poly (lactic acid) as tissue engineering materials

Abstract

As an emerging science, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on developing materials to replace, restore or improve organs or tissues and enhancing the cellular capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into different cell types and specific tissues. Renewable resources have been used to develop new materials, resulting in attempts to produce various environmentally friendly biomaterials. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer known to be biodegradable and it is produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates. PLA can be combined with other polymers to produce new biomaterials with suitable physicochemical properties for tissue engineering applications. Here, the advances in modified PLA as tissue engineering materials are discussed in light of its drawbacks, such as biological inertness, low cell adhesion, and low degradation rate, and the efforts conducted to address these challenges toward the design of new enhanced alternative biomaterials.

Implementation of 3D Printing and Modeling Technologies for the Fabrication of Dose Boluses for External Radiotherapy at the CLCC of Sétif, Algeria

“… 43 If PLA properties are enhanced with modifications that can be made when mixed with other polymers, the treatment spectrum of diseases with PLA will be enlarged. 44 Indeed, Moghaddam et al claimed that PLA is toxic-free and can be used instead of wet gauze as a breast bolus for surface dose enhancement and dose uniformity improvement during breast intraoperative electron radiotherapy. 3 DeStefano et al showed in their study that PLA can be considered a good choice as a biomedical material and be a contributing biomaterial for the near future.…”

Functionalization of PLA nanofibers with PCL blending and TiO2 nanoparticle addition

“…Among these, solution viscosity is essential for controlling fiber size and shape. The solution viscosity increment causes an increase in polymer concentration that induces uniform fiber formation with beads [29,70].…”

Composites Based on Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Graphene Oxide Modified with Oligo/Poly(Glutamic Acid) as Biomaterials with Osteoconductive Properties

“…However, these polymers have non-reproducible properties from batch to batch and can contain the impurities of endotoxins. Both protein and polysaccharide materials exhibit poor mechanical properties, while polyhydroxyalkanoates exhibit low cell adhesion [ 13 , 14 ] and no osteoconductivity [ 15 , 16 ]. At the same time, the mechanical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates are better than those of other natural polymers.…”