Recent Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood: In-Forest Wood Quality Assessments

Wang, Xiping

doi:10.3390/f12070949

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Acoustic nondestructive testing of trees involves two types of waves: impact stress waves and bulk ultrasonic waves. The stress waves are most convenient for numerous field measurements [76]. Measurements along the growth axis of the tree are shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Quality Assessment Of Standing Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Acoustics of Wood as a Tool for Quality Assessment

Bucur

2023

Forests

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Acoustics is a field with significant application in wood science and technology for the classification and grading, through non-destructive tests, of a large variety of products from standing trees to building structural elements and musical instruments. In this review article the following aspects are treated: (1) The theoretical background related to acoustical characterization of wood as an orthotropic material. We refer to the wave propagation in anisotropic media, to the wood anatomic structure and propagation phenomena, to the velocity of ultrasonic waves and the elastic constants of an orthotropic solid. The acoustic methods for the determination of the elastic constants of wood range from the low frequency domain to the ultrasonic domain using direct contact techniques or ultrasonic spectroscopy. (2) The acoustic and ultrasonic methods for quality assessment of trees, logs, lumber and structural timber products. Scattering-based techniques and ultrasonic tomography are used for quality assessment of standing trees and green logs. The methods are based on scanning stress waves using dry-point-contact ultrasound or air-coupled ultrasound and are discussed for quality assessment of structural composite timber products and for delamination detection in wood-based composite boards. (3) The high-power ultrasound as a field with important potential for industrial applications such as wood drying and other applications. (4) The methods for the characterization of acoustical properties of the wood species used for musical instrument manufacturing, wood anisotropy, the quality of wood for musical instruments and the factors of influence related to the environmental conditions, the natural aging of wood and the effects of long-term loading by static or dynamic regimes on wood properties. Today, the acoustics of wood is a branch of wood science with huge applications in industry.

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Section: Quality Assessment Of Standing Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Acoustics of Wood as a Tool for Quality Assessment

Bucur

2023

Forests

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“…Oleh karena itu, dilakukan uji non-destruktif (nondestructive testing, NDT) untuk mengevaluasi sifat papan komposit, terutama sifat mekanis lentur secara cepat dan akurat. Schabowicz (2019) dan Wang (2021) menyebutkan pengujian non-destruktif digunakan dalam penilaian kekuatan produk. Modulus elastisitas papan komposit kayu dapat diperkirakan secara mekanis melalui pengujian non-destruktif dengan metode gelombang tegangan (Ross & Pellerin, 1988;Ross, 2015;Han et al, 2006;Arruda et al, 2011;Karlinasari et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Sifat mekanis ditentukan melalui pengujian non-destruktif menunjukkan korelasi yang baik dengan metode pengujian destruktif dalam mengukur sifat lentur papan komposit. Pengukuran secara non-destruktif menghasilkan nilai yang akurat dalam menduga nilai kekuatan produk rekayasa kayu (Wang, 2021).…”

Section: Pengujian Produk Osbunclassified

Evaluasi Kekuatan Oriented Strand Board (Osb) Bambu Andong Pada Berbagai Rasio Lapisan Face-Core Berdasarkan Pengujian Non-Destruktif Dan Destruktif

Ningsih,

Karlinasari

2023

J. Penelitian Hasil Hutan

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Oriented strand board (OSB) merupakan produk papan komposit struktural yang dapat dibuat dari bahan berlignoselulosa seperti kayu dan bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara pengujian non-destruktif metode kecepatan gelombang bunyi (stress wave velocity, SWV) dan pengujian destruktif ((modulus of elasticity, MOE) dan modulus of rupture, MOR)) OSB yang terbuat dari strand bambu andong (Gigantochloa verticillata Munro). Strand bambu diberi perlakuan steam dengan cara memasukkan strand bambu ke dalam autoklaf pada suhu 126°C dan tekanan 1,4 kg/cm2 selama 1 jam. Perekat yang digunakan adalah fenol formaldehida (PF) dengan kadar 8% dan penambahan parafin sebanyak 1% berdasarkan berat kering oven strand bambu. OSB dibuat tiga lapisan yaitu lapisan inti tegak lurus strand bambu terhadap lapisan muka pada berbagai rasio lapisan muka:inti (face:core:face) papan yang berbeda (25:50:25, 27,5:45:27,5, 30:40:30, 32,5:35:32,5, 35:30:35, dan 37,5:25:37,5). Nilai SWV dihitung menggunakan waktu rambatan gelombang dan digunakan untuk mengukur nilai modulus elastis dinamis (MOEd). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi komposisi lapisan permukaan (face) pada arah sejajar panjang strand bambu dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis papan OSB. Komposisi rasio lapisan face-core mempengaruhi sifat mekanis papan (MOE, MOR, SWV, dan MOEd). Terdapat hubungan yang baik antara pengujian non-destruktif berbasis gelombang bunyi dengan pengujian destruktif yang menggunakan model regresi linear.

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“…In the same way, timber destinations and uses can be planned based on market prices for the different assortments obtainable. The overall supply chain benefits as manufacturing companies gain better insight into raw material availability, allowing for effective production planning while minimizing imports [5,[7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Wood Quality Assessment: Standing Tree Visual Evaluation—A Review

Nocetti,

Brunetti

2024

Forests

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(1) The early assessment of wood quality, even while trees are standing, provides significant benefits for forest management, sales efficiency, and market diversification. Its definition cannot be in absolute terms but must always be linked to the material’s intended use. (2) In this contribution, a review of the scientific literature is given to discuss the visually evaluable attributes that define wood quality in standing trees, the applicability of the techniques used for their assessment, and the effectiveness of these attributes and technologies in predicting quality, to finally highlight future research needs. (3) The visual characteristics generally used to evaluate wood quality are linked to stem form and dimension, branchiness, and stem damage, but their assessment is challenging due to time and resource constraints. To address these challenges, laser-based and image-based techniques have been applied in field surveys. (4) Laser scanners offer detailed and accurate measurements. Photogrammetry, utilizing images to reconstruct 3D models, provides a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these tools in surveying the visible properties of stems and branches, but further development is necessary for widespread application, particularly in software development, with faster and more effective algorithmic advancements for automatic recognition and subsequent measurement of pertinent characteristics being critical for enhancing tool usability. (5) However, predicting wood quality from these surveys remains challenging, with a limited correlation between the visible tree characteristics assessed and the sawn product quality. Empirical studies evaluating products downstream in the forest-wood supply chain could provide valuable insights. In this sense, the implementation of traceability systems could facilitate the linkage between data on standing trees and the quality of the sawn product. Also, further research is needed to develop models that can accurately predict internal tree characteristics and their impact on product quality.

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Recent Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood: In-Forest Wood Quality Assessments

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

A Review on Acoustics of Wood as a Tool for Quality Assessment

A Review on Acoustics of Wood as a Tool for Quality Assessment

Evaluasi Kekuatan Oriented Strand Board (Osb) Bambu Andong Pada Berbagai Rasio Lapisan Face-Core Berdasarkan Pengujian Non-Destruktif Dan Destruktif

Advancements in Wood Quality Assessment: Standing Tree Visual Evaluation—A Review

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