Recent Advances in Polyamine Metabolism and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Abstract

Global warming is an alarming problem in agriculture and its effect on yield loss has been estimated to be five per cent for every degree centigrade rise in temperature. Plants exhibit multiple mechanisms like optimizing signaling pathway, involvement of secondary messengers, production of biomolecules specifically in response to stress, modulation of various metabolic networks in accordance with stress, and so forth, in order to overcome abiotic stress factors. Many structural genes and networks of pathway were identified and reported in plant systems for abiotic stress tolerance. One such crucial metabolic pathway that is involved in normal physiological function and also gets modulated during stress to impart tolerance is polyamine metabolic pathway. Besides the role of structural genes, it is also important to know the mechanism by which these structural genes are regulated during stress. Present review highlights polyamine biosynthesis, catabolism, and its role in abiotic stress tolerance with special reference to plant systems. Additionally, a system based approach is discussed as a potential strategy to dissect the existing variation in crop species in unraveling the interacting regulatory components/genetic determinants related to PAs mediated abiotic stress tolerance.

Characterization, expression, and functional analysis of polyamine oxidases and their role in selenium‐induced hydrogen peroxide production in Brassica rapa

“…Polyamines (PAs), small bioactive molecules with two or more amino groups, have been found widely in microbes, animals, and plants. There are three major PAs in plants, including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), with a sequential biosynthetic pathway (Put → Spd → Spm) . Catabolism of PAs mediated by polyamine oxidase (PAO) has been considered to be an important biosynthetic pathway of H 2 O 2 in plants .…”

“…There are three major PAs in plants, including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), with a sequential biosynthetic pathway (Put → Spd → Spm) . Catabolism of PAs mediated by polyamine oxidase (PAO) has been considered to be an important biosynthetic pathway of H 2 O 2 in plants . PAOs prefer to catalyze the deamination metabolism of PAs with more than two amino groups, such as Spd and Spm, along with the generation of H 2 O 2 as a by‐product .…”

“…16 Catabolism of PAs mediated by polyamine oxidase (PAO) has been considered to be an important biosynthetic pathway of H 2 O 2 in plants. 16,17 PAOs prefer to catalyze the deamination metabolism of PAs with more than two amino groups, such as Spd and Spm, along with the generation of H 2 O 2 as a by-product. 18 Plant PAOs can be classified as two types (I and II) based on their deamination characteristics.…”

A useful procedure for detection of polyamines in biological samples as a potential diagnostic tool in cancer diagnosis

“…Naturally occurring polyamines-spermine, spermidine, cadaverine and putrescine, are widespread in the nature and play a crucial role in processes of cell growth, differentiation, development and death [1][2][3]. Although their biochemistry and physiologic role is not well understood it was shown that they are implicated in growth and development of neoplastic cells [4][5][6].…”

Pretreatment with spermidine and proline reverses inhibitory effects of Phytophthora capsici stress in pepper

“…Polyamines are the aliphatic nitrogen (natural organic polycation) compounds found in a wide variety of living organisms including plants and animals with a low molecule weight and a positive charge in physiological pH (Roychoudhury et al, 2011). Polyamines are effective in the plant adaptation against various environmental stresses: salinity, hyperosmosis, high temperature, low temperature, drought, pH stress, hypoxia, environmental pollutants (Rangan et al, 2014). The studies conducted demonstrated that spermidine (spd) is participating in the regulation of plant responses to diverse abiotic stresses like drought or osmotic stress, salinity, heat and chilling through direct binding to membrane phospholipids, osmotic adjustment, scavenging of free radicals and maintaining a cation-anion balance (Kusano et al, 2008).…”