Recent advances in polymer and polymer composite membranes for reverse and forward osmosis processes

Li, Dan; Yan, Yushan; Wang, Huanting

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.03.003

Cited by 397 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 501 publications

(532 reference statements)

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“…Due to aforementioned features, membrane technology plays an important role in treatment of brackish and wastewater, desalination of sea water (its reuse for consumption purposes), dairy industry for milk skimming and effluents treatment etc. [7][8][9][10]. A membrane can be defined as a physical barrier which selectively allows wanted materials to pass through and unwanted to retain on the membrane surface [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

Zahid¹,

Rashid²,

Akram³

et al. 2018

J Membr Sci Technol

188

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During last few decades, membrane technology has emerged as an efficient technique over conventional methods due to its high removal capacity, ease in operation and cost effectiveness for wastewater treatment and production of clean water. Membrane based separations are commonly based on polymeric membranes because of their higher flexibility, easily pore forming mechanism, low cost and smaller space for installation as compared to inorganic membranes. Commonly employed membrane fabrication phase inversion method has been shortly reviewed in this article. Major limitation of membrane based separations is fouling and polymeric membranes being hydrophobic in nature are more prone to fouling. Fouling is a deposition of various colloidal particles, macromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins), salts etc. on membrane surface and within pores thus impedes membrane performance, reduces flux and results in high cost. Modification of polymeric membranes due to its tailoring ability with nanomaterials such as metal based and carbon based results in polymeric nano-composite membranes with high antifouling characteristics. Nanomaterials impart high selectivity, permeability, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties to polymeric membranes via blending, coating etc. modification methods. Characterization techniques has also discussed in later section for studying morphological properties and performance of polymer nano-composite membranes. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

Zahid¹,

Rashid²,

Akram³

et al. 2018

J Membr Sci Technol

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this way, the DS generates greater osmotic pressure and drives water from the feed through the membrane while rejecting solutes, thus separating the water from the diluted DS [10]. The RO process, on the other hand, employs hydraulic pressure to effect the permeation of water through a semipermeable membrane.…”

Section: Principle Of Operation Of Ro and Fo Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Reverse and Forward Osmosis Processes in Wastewater Treatment: Evaluation of Membrane Fouling

Mecha¹

2018

Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status

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Although reverse osmosis (RO) process is widely used for wastewater reclamation, it requires high amount of energy that has a major effect on the economic effectiveness of the process. Furthermore, RO membranes are susceptible to fouling, which further limits their effectiveness and increases the costs due to the need for frequent cleaning.Consequently, the use of osmotically driven membrane separation processes such as forward osmosis (FO) has gained increasing consideration, although its uptake in wastewater remediation is still low. This is because the FO process, unlike the RO process, is operated by the osmotic gradient between the feed and draw solutions; therefore, it requires minimal or no hydraulic pressure. Hence, it has unique advantages, such as possibility of low fouling, and high water recovery. Nonetheless, the long-standing problem of membrane fouling still remains a major challenge even in the performance of FO processes especially when treating raw wastewaters, which have various contaminants. Furthermore, the mechanism of fouling in FO process has been found to be different from an RO process, and there is need for further studies to elucidate the differences of FO and RO fouling. These aspects are evaluated in this review.

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“…Therefore, chemical modification on membrane has been becoming an effective way in obtaining competitive FO membranes. [11,52] Advances in draw solutes A large number of compounds have been explored as draw solutes for various FO applications over the past few decades. [40,46,[66][67][68] Commercial compounds of gases, nutrient substances, inorganic and organic salts have been widely investigated as draw solutes for FO before 2007.…”

Section: Advances In Fo Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39] With the advancement of material science, a wide range of novel FO membranes and draw solutes have been proposed over the past decade. [11,46] The development of FO membrane and draw solute will be discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: Progress In Fo Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost. [5,[10][11][12] A range of pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), [13][14][15][16] ultrafiltration (UF), [13,17,18] nanofiltration (NF), [19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [22][23][24][25][26] have been extensively used for clean water production through either wastewater reuse or brackish water/ seawater desalination. However, some issues, such as severe membrane fouling, low water recovery rate, intensive-energy consumption and relatively low quality of product water, occur frequently during these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Ge³

2017

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Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated and demonstrated its advantages in a range of FO applications over the past decade. However, challenges still remain in terms of the lack of both efficient FO membranes and appropriate draw solutes for practical FO applications. To promote the advancement of FO technology, considerable efforts have been made in exploring novel FO membranes and draw solutes in recent years. This paper will provide a short review on the progress of both FO membranes and draw solutes. First of all, a brief overview on FO principle is given. Then the progress in FO technology related to FO membrane and draw solute is presented with specific examples. Finally, challenges and future directions of FO technology in exploring efficient FO membranes and promising draw solutes are also highlighted. This article may provide new insights into the future development of FO technology and promote practical FO applications.Keywords forward osmosis, draw solution, forward osmosis membrane, forward osmosis application IntroductionFreshwater shortage has been becoming a more and more severe problem globally. [1][2][3][4] To mitigate this problem, various technologies for clean water production have been explored worldwide recently. [5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost. [5,[10][11][12] A range of pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), [13][14][15][16] ultrafiltration (UF), [13,17,18] nanofiltration (NF), [19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [22][23][24][25][26] have been extensively used for clean water production through either wastewater reuse or brackish water/ seawater desalination. However, some issues, such as severe membrane fouling, low water recovery rate, intensive-energy consumption and relatively low quality of product water, occur frequently during these processes. [10,13,17,23,27] FO has been recognized as a promising membrane process because of the following characteristics: (1) no requirement of hydraulic pressure; (2) a relatively high water recovery rate; (3) low membrane fouling propensity due to the absence of hydraulic pressure; (4) environmental friendliness. Given these merits, FO technology has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as seawater/brackish water desalination, [4,24,28] wastewater treatment, [8,[29][30][31] and many other areas. [32][33][34][35][36] Although FO exhibits a great potential in alleviating the issues caused by freshwater shortage, challenges, such as relatively low water permeability, high reverse solute diffusion, severe concentration polarization (CP), and membrane fouling, are still present in FO applications. [37][38][39] To eliminate these problems, exploration of appropriate semi-permeable FO membrane and draw solute is urgently needed. Great efforts have been made in the development of FO technology in recent years, and a wide range of powerful FO membra...

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Recent advances in polymer and polymer composite membranes for reverse and forward osmosis processes

Cited by 397 publications

References 501 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

Applications of Reverse and Forward Osmosis Processes in Wastewater Treatment: Evaluation of Membrane Fouling

Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

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