“…UE to high efficiency, high power density, high power factor, and high torque density, together with the development of permanent-magnet (PM) material and power electronics, PM brushless machines are increasingly being used in various applications, such as variable-speed drives, servo drives, electric vehicles, and other industrial drives [1], [2]. Compared with surface-mounted PM (SPM) machines, interior permanentmagnet (IPM) synchronous machines have robust rotor construction, high reluctance torque, and high irreversible demagnetization withstand, and are eminently suitable for electric vehicles which require a wide constant power operating speed range.…”