Recent Advances in Real‐Time Analysis of Electrochemical Reactions by Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry^†

Abstract

Electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) is a powerful tool to capture and analyze the intermediates and products during electrochemical reactions. This hyphenated technique combines electrochemistry with mass spectrometry using specific apparatuses, which helps researchers study mechanisms of redox reactions by in situ detecting chemical composition changes. Recently, various EC-MS methods have been applied in a series of electrochemical reactions to reveal the mechanisms, mainly in the areas of electrochemical sensors, organic electrochemistry, and electrocatalysis. In this review, we intend to summarize the recent advances in real-time analysis of different types of electrochemical reactions by EC-MS and offer an outlook on the perspectives in these areas.

Recent development and applications of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry in emerging energy conversion and storage solutions

“…Readers who are interested in electrochemical mass spectrometry are recommended to refer to some excellent review articles published recently. 36,[243][244][245][246][247][248] This section only focuses on the DEMS study for the conversion of small organic molecules to value-added products, rather than the complete oxidation to CO 2 . The latter is the typical fuel oxidation reaction in a fuel cell and will be discussed in other section.…”

“…Readers who are interested in electrochemical mass spectrometry are recommended to refer to some excellent review articles published recently. 36,243–248…”

In Situ/Operando Methods for Understanding Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction

“…Electrochemical in situ DEMS measurements are commonly used for the detection of volatile intermediates/products. [136][137][138][139][140] Volatile samples are collected through a porous cylindrical tip (assembled near the surface of the electrode) and volatile intermediates/products are detected when the potential changes during cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. [69] Cu-modified Pt(100) electrodes were synthesized by Koper et al [141] The selective conversion from NO 3 − to N 2 can be achieved on Cu/Pt (100).…”

Electroreforming injects a new life into solid waste

“…In situ/operando spectroscopy is recognized as a powerful tool to investigate catalyst structural adaption during electrocatalysis, with well-documented studies reported concerning potentialdependent atomic configuration of materials for electrooxidation of organics. [287][288][289] Duan et al 281 employed in situ Raman tests and corroborated with operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, to reveal the real active sites for glucose oxidation. As revealed in Fig.…”