Recent Advances in Structural Research on Ether Lipids from Archaea Including Comparative and Physiological Aspects

Koga, Yosuke; Morii, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1271/bbb.69.2019

Cited by 252 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…1c; e.g. Koga and Morii, 2005;Albers and Meyer, 2011). Upon cell death, most of these intact polar lipids (IPLs) are transformed into core lipids (CLs) via hydrolysis of the polar head groups (White et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are used in various proxies, such as TEX 86 and the BIT index. In living cells, GDGTs contain polar head groups (intact polar lipids -IPLs). IPL GDGTs have also been detected in ancient marine sediments and it is unclear whether or not they are fossil entities or are part of living cells. In order to determine the extent of degradation of IPL GDGTs over geological timescales, we analyzed turbidite deposits, which had been partly reoxidized for several kyr after deposition on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Analysis of core lipid (CL) and IPL-derived GDGTs showed a reduction in concentration by two orders of magnitude upon post-depositional oxidation, while IPL GDGTs with a mono-or dihexose head group decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The BIT index for CL-and IPL-derived GDGTs increased substantially upon oxidation from 0.1 to up to 0.5. Together with changing MBT/ CBT values, this indicates preferential preservation of soil-derived branched GDGTs over marine isoprenoid GDGTs, combined with in situ production of branched GDGTs in the sediment. The TEX 86 value for IPL-derived GDGTs decreased by 0.07 upon oxidation, while that of CL GDGTs showed no significant change. Isolation of IPLs revealed that the TEX 86 value of monohexose GDGTs was 0.55, while the TEX 86 value for dihexose GDGTs was substantially higher, 0.70. Thus, the decrease in TEX 86 for IPL-derived GDGTs was in agreement with the dominance of monohexose GDGTs in the oxidized turbidite, probably caused by a combination of in situ production as well as selective preservation of terrestrial isoprenoid GDGTs. Due to the low amount of IPL GDGTs vs. CL GDGTs, the impact of IPL degradation on CL-based TEX 86 paleotemperature estimates is negligible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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“…The phospholipids present in general are the archaetidyl group or hydroxyarchaetidyl bound to glycerol, choline, or to glycosides containing glucose, myoinositol, galactose 3-sulfate, or 6-sulfo-mannose. The complexity of these polar phospholipids could be correlated with the extreme conditions of hyperthermophily or hyperhalophily (Kreisl and Kandler, 1986;Koga and Morii, 2005). Some of these unusual structures are presented in Figure 6.4.…”

Section: Membrane Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It also must be remembered that the membranes of Archaea do not contain sterols. There is much information available on the membrane lipids of Archaea (see De Rosa, Gambacorta, and Gliozzi, 1986;Kamekura and Kates, 1988;Kates, Kushner, and Matheson, 1993;Paltauf, 1994;Kates, 1997;Kamekura and Kates, 1999;Gabriel and Chong, 2000;Koga and Morii, 2005;Bouloubassi et al, 2006;Oba, Sakata, and Tsunogai, 2006;Turich et al, 2007;Chong, 2010).…”

Section: Membrane Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, between one and four cyclopentanes are present in one of the two central chains, or in both. The presence of the cyclopentanes would be directly connected with the resistance of the membranes to temperature (Grant et al, 1985;Mancuso et al, 1985;Nishihara and Koga, 1987;Poulter, Aoki, and Daniels, 1988;Gabriel and Chong, 2000;Koga and Morii, 2005). This last aspect could allow ancestral variations in the temperature of the sea to be found, depending on the distribution of archaeal lipids in sediments (vide infra, Schouten et al, 2002).…”

Section: Membrane Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the halophiles quasiexclusively contain diethers (Kamekura and Kates, 1999), and the thermoacidophiles have a very high proportion of tetraethers (!90%). The stability of the membranes of thermophiles and hyperthermophiles would be due to the constant relative proportions of archaeol and caldarchaeol conferring to the membranes the state of crystalline liquid associated with a low permeability at a range of temperatures from 0 to 100 C (Koga and Morii, 2005). For methanogens, the percentage of diethers varies from 40 to 100% (Langworthy and Pond, 1986), while for the species of the subkingdom of Crenarchaeota the membranes are characterized by the presence of a particular tetraether, crenarchaeol, of which one of the two chains in C 20 contains a cyclohexane (one of the regioisomers is represented below) .…”

Section: Membrane Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kornprobst

2014

Encyclopedia of Marine Natural Products

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The article contains sections titled: General Introduction Membrane Lipids Macrocyclic Dialkyl Glycerol Diethers Paleotemperatures Index: TEX 86 and BIT Index Pranylquinones Cyclic Polysulfides Bacteriorhodopsin of Halophiles Extremozymes

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The anaerobic biosynthesis of plasmalogens

Goldfine

2017

FEBS Letters

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The biosynthesis of plasmalogens in anaerobic bacteria differs fundamentally from that in animal cells. Firstly, the formation of the alk-1 0 -enyl ether bond in animal cells is oxygen dependent. Secondly, the first step in plasmalogen formation in animal cells is an acylation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which has been ruled out as a precursor in anaerobes. In bacteria the alk-1 0 -enyl ether bond is formed after the fully formed acyl glycerolipids are synthesized. Evidence will be presented for the conversion of the sn-1 acyl-linked chain to an O-alk-1 0 -enyl ether by an as yet unknown mechanism.

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Recent Advances in Structural Research on Ether Lipids from Archaea Including Comparative and Physiological Aspects

Cited by 252 publications

References 67 publications

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Archaea

The anaerobic biosynthesis of plasmalogens

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