Recent advances in the application of magnetic bio-polymers as catalysts in multicomponent reactions

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles have attracted significant attention due to their high surface area and superparamagnetic properties.

Sulfamic acid grafted to cross-linked chitosan by dendritic units: a bio-based, highly efficient and heterogeneous organocatalyst for green synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazoline derivatives

“…1–14 Hence, the use of renewable biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, sodium alginate, and especially chitosan for the design and preparation of efficient biodegradable and heterogeneous organocatalytic systems would be very desirable. 11,15–39 Among these scaffolds, chitosan (CS) is one of the most unique and widely used biopolymers, a natural and active cationic amino polysaccharide obtained from the alkaline N -deacetylation of chitin. 8,24,40–47 Indeed, chitosan has numerous applications in various fields such as preparation of new bio-based materials, 48–52 heterogeneous catalytic systems, 38,53–55 water purification, metal extraction, 56–59 electrolyte-based fuel cells, 60–62 sensors, 6,63 corrosion protection, 64 etc.…”

Pd@l-asparagine–EDTA–chitosan: a highly effective and reusable bio-based and biodegradable catalyst for the Heck cross-coupling reaction under mild conditions

“…[52][53][54][55] In recent decades, natural polymers have received extensive consideration as outstanding supports for sustainable chemistry. 24,47,[56][57][58][59][60] Since they possess both amine and free OH functional groups simultaneously and are capable to react with both nucleophiles and electrophiles by reaction with ion pairs and hydrogen bonding. 54,61 Commonly, biopolymers have no destructive impact on the environment for they are biodegradable and achieved from renewable resources.…”

“…34,[47][48][49][50] As a result, to design and produce an effective catalyst, the selection of an appropriate biopolymeric support, which has various merits including ecologically benign nature, the use of harmless metals, and reproducibility, is the focal point of GC in the 21st century. [51][52][53][54] In recent decades, natural polymers have received extensive consideration as outstanding supports for sustainable chemistry 23,46,[55][56][57][58][59] since they possess both free amine and OH functional groups simultaneously and are capable of reacting with both nucleophiles and electrophiles through ion pairs and hydrogen bonding. 53,60 Commonly, biopolymers have no destructive impact on the environment as they are biodegradable and obtained from renewable resources.…”

Tannic acid-poly ethyleneimine magnetic nanoparticles: an efficient and recyclable catalyst for green synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazole derivatives

“…Besides, bio-polymers and biomolecules from natural resources containing different properties including various functional groups, non-toxicity, low cost, biocompatibility, and availability can be grafted to magnetic nano catalytic systems to afford nanomagnetic biopolymers or nanomagnetic biomolecules. The application of bio-polymers and biomolecules has resulted in decreasing heavy metal pollution, which is targeted by green chemistry principles [41][42] . A variety of bio-based materials have been used for the synthesis of novel biocatalysts recently 25,[43][44][45][46][47][48] .…”