Recent Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Copper Nanomaterial‐Mediated Cuproptosis

Abstract

Nanomedicine‐induced cancer cell death has become a prominent area of research in the life sciences field in recent years. The concept of cuproptosis was first proposed in 2022. Copper homeostasis in organisms is tightly regulated by protein transporters and molecular chaperones. Disruptions in copper homeostasis can adversely affect mitochondrial respiration and disrupt other physiological processes, leading to cytotoxicity. Therefore, researchers have designed and refined copper‐based nanomaterials to induce cuproptosis and assess their effects on cancer treatment. While several reviews on cuproptosis exist, they primarily delve into its molecular mechanisms. This review begins with elucidating the metabolism and homeostasis of copper in the body. Subsequently, the latest advancements in copper nanomaterial‐induced cuproptosis for cancer treatment and antimicrobial purposes is summarized. Finally, a comprehensive summary and outlook on the subject is provided. The goal with this review is to assist researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between nanomaterials and cuproptosis, thereby offering new perspectives for designing novel nanomaterials to induce cuproptosis.