Recent Advances in the Immunology and Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis

Zhang, Wenbao; Li, Jun; Lin, Renyong; Wen, Hao; McManus, Donald P.

doi:10.5772/37133

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Hydatid antigens enriched with antigen B by ELISA showed controversial results with variable sensitivity and specificity observed [13]. In the present study the sensitivity of ELISA was also affected by the localization of the cysts which was in consistent with the results previously obtained [8] [31]. The sensitivity of ELISA to detect liver cysts ranged from 72% to 100% while the sensitivity of this test is around 50%-60% for lung cysts.…”

Section: Cut Off Value Sensitivity and Specificitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These usually provide effective diagnosis of the late stages of clinical infection. Hence, in addition to imaging techniques, these reliable serological techniques provide opportunities for early treatment and to improve the prognosis of patients in terms of whether, surgical or medical treatment should be adopted [31] [32].…”

Section: Cut Off Value Sensitivity and Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Efficiency of Heat Shocked Protoscoleces Extract Antigens for Human Cystic Echinococcosis by ELISA

Alsakee

2023

Iraqi Journal of Science

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Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis is complex and has to be confirmed by the combination of immunological tests and imaging techniques. In this study heat shock proteins were induced and their immunoreactivity was assessed by ELISA. Sera were collected from 34 hydatid patients who were admitted to the Rizgary Teaching Hospital through October 2013 to July 2017, in addition to 29 healthy donors and 18 non-hydatid cases. For heat shock response, two batches of 25000 protoscoleces (Ps) were incubated separately at 42°C and 45 °C for 4 hours. Heat treated and normal Ps were disrupted and the extracts were divided into two parts. One part was directly used as source of antigens (PE, PE42 and PE45) and the other one was partially purified on Sephadex G150. The immunoreactivity of these antigens, as well as hydatid fluidwas assessed by ELISA. The cutoff value to differentiate positive from negative sera was established by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Two peaks of PE42 and three peaks of PE45 resulted by Sephadex G150. Extracts of 42ºC treated Ps resulted in two protein peaks and were used as PE42P1 and PE42P2 antigens. For 45°C treated Ps, the chromatography patterns resulted in three protein peaks and were used as PE45P1, PE45P2 and PE45P3 antigens. Highest rates of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were detected with PE42P2 (91.2%) and PE45P2 (91.2%). Sensitivity of ELISA was consistent for liver cysts with all applied antigens. Hydatid antigens extracted from heat treated Ps markedly raised the sensitivity of ELISA to detect anti-hydatid IgG.

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Section: Cut Off Value Sensitivity and Specificitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Cut Off Value Sensitivity and Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Efficiency of Heat Shocked Protoscoleces Extract Antigens for Human Cystic Echinococcosis by ELISA

Alsakee

2023

Iraqi Journal of Science

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“…This sensitivity and specificity rely on many factors, such as stability, quality, antigen source, and the used laboratory techniques [ 68 , 69 ]. Developing a reliable serological diagnosis in intermediate host animals is largely unsuccessful because of the coexistence of multiple infections of different taeniid species, cross-reactivity of antigens, and low-level responses of antibodies to infection [ 70 ]. So, antigen detection using the standard double antibody Sandwich ELISA in serum might be a promising alternative to measure the presence and/or concentration of circulating parasite antigens [ 30 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Designed Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Antigen in Camels for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis

et al. 2023

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Echinococcus spp. are important cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic tapeworms that cause a disease called hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE), which has remarkable economic losses. The objective of our study was to develop a specific IgG polyclonal antigen-based ELISA (Sandwich ELISA; capture ELISA) method for the detection of circulating Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) antigens in camels infected with hydatid cysts before slaughtering and its application in serodiagnosis of CE in animals to assess the positive rate of hydatidosis in camels slaughtered in Giza governorate abattoirs in Egypt. In this study, molecular identification of Echinococcus sp. isolate was performed based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) gene, revealing the isolate (GenBank: OQ443068.1), which is identical to the G6 E. granulosus sensu lato genotype. The positive rate of hydatid cysts was determined in slaughtered camels’ organs (n = 587). The results revealed that hydatid cysts were found in 46.5% (273/587) of the examined camels. Pulmonary echinococcosis was significantly more prevalent in the slaughtered camels (60%, 164/273) than hepatic echinococcosis (39.9%, 109/273), (p = 0.001, Chi Square = 11.081). Cyst fertility rates were higher in hepatic (90.8%, 99/109) than in pulmonary cysts (83.5%, 137/164) and the most viable protoscoleces were recorded from fertile the hepatic cysts (67.85 ± 12.78). In this study, hydatid cyst germinal layer antigen (GlAg) was isolated and used for the immunization of rabbits to raise IgG polyclonal antibodies (anti-Echinococcus GlAb IgG). These IgG polyclonal antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography using a protein A column, then labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Electrophoretic analysis of IgG polyclonal antibodies and crude GlAg was performed in 10% polyacrylamide gels. The SDS-PAGE revealed four bands at molecular weights of 77 kDa, 65 kDa, 55 kDa, and 25 kDa. The Sandwich ELISA was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity and cross-reactivity of the prepared IgG polyclonal antibodies. The circulating hydatid antigen was found in 270 out of the 273 samples with hydatidosis, with a sensitivity of 98.9% (270/273), a specificity of 94.9% (296/312) and a diagnostic efficacy of 96.8%. Regarding the cross reactivity, anti-Echinococcus GlAb IgG showed a low cross-reactivity with Fasciola gigantica infected camel sera (3/8), and Myiasis (Cephalopina titillator larvae; 3/20). No cross-reactivity was recorded with uninfected camel sera (negative sera for E. granulosus), and no cross-reactivity was found with antigens of Eimeria spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium sp., and Hyalomma dromedarii (ticks’ infestation). Then, Sandwich ELISA was conducted again to detect E. granulosus antigen in all the collected camel sera, which resulted in a 48.7% (286/587) positive rate of CE compared to 46.5% (273/587) using a postmortem inspection (PM diagnosis) (p = 0.5, Chi Square = 0.302). In conclusion, the Sandwich ELISA technique introduced in this study appears to be a sufficiently sensitive diagnostic assay for the detection of camels’ echinococcosis using anti-Echinococcus GlAb IgG. In addition, it might offer a significant medical and veterinary importance in helping the early detection of hydatidosis, as well as its early treatment.

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Analysis on Gene Expression Profile in Oncospheres and Early Stage Metacestodes from Echinococcus multilocularis

et al. 2016

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Alveolar echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis of great public health concern. Analysis of genome data for Echinococcus multilocularis has identified antigen families that can be used in diagnostic assays and vaccine development. However, little gene expression data is available for antigens of the egg and early larval stages. To address this information gap, we used a Next-Generation Sequencing approach to investigate three different stages (non-activated and activated oncospheres, and early stage metacestodes) of E. multilocularis (Nemuro strain). Transcriptome data analysis revealed that some diagnostic antigen gp50 isoforms and the antigen Eg95 family dominated in activated oncospheres, and the antigen B family dominated in early stage metacestodes. Furthermore, heat shock proteins and antigen II/3 are constantly expressed in the three stages. The expression pattern of various known antigens in E. multilocularis may give fundamental information for choosing candidate genes used in diagnosis and vaccine development.

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Recent Advances in the Immunology and Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 171 publications

Diagnostic Efficiency of Heat Shocked Protoscoleces Extract Antigens for Human Cystic Echinococcosis by ELISA

Diagnostic Efficiency of Heat Shocked Protoscoleces Extract Antigens for Human Cystic Echinococcosis by ELISA

A Novel Designed Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Antigen in Camels for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis

Analysis on Gene Expression Profile in Oncospheres and Early Stage Metacestodes from Echinococcus multilocularis

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