Recent advances in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Lam, Wah‐Kit; Chan, Jason Y. K.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.15066.1

Cited by 105 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Several viruses have been detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Their etiologic and prognostic role is of great interest in cancer prevention and new management practices including immunotherapy [8][9][10] and treatment de-escalation [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact

Carpén

Syrjänen

Jouhi

et al. 2020

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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Background The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is confirmed. However, the role of other oncoviruses in OPSCC is unknown. Materials and methods A total of 158 consecutive OPSCC patients treated with curative intent were included. DNA extracted from tumor sections was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HPV, and the following polyomaviruses: John Cunningham virus (JCV), Simian virus 40 (SV40), and BK virus (BKV) with PCR. In addition, p16 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, and EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) transcripts were localized by in situ hybridization. The effect of viral status on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. Results A total of 94/158 samples (59.5%) were HPV-positive, 29.1% contained BKV DNA, 20.3% EBV DNA, 13.9% JCV DNA, and 0.6% SV40 DNA. EBER was expressed only in stromal lymphocytes adjacent to the tumor and correlated with HPV positivity (p = 0.026). p16 expression associated only with HPV. None of the three polyomaviruses had an impact on survival. Patients with EBER-positive but HPV-negative OPSCC had significantly poorer OS and DFS than those with HPVpositive OPSCC and slightly worse prognosis compared with the patients with EBER-negative and HPV-negative OPSCC. Conclusion Polyomaviruses are detectable in OPSCC but seem to have no impact on survival, whereas HPV was the strongest viral prognostic factor. EBER expression, as a sign of latent EBV infection, may have prognostic impact among patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. EBER analysis may identify a new subgroup of OPSCCs unrelated to HPV. Keywords Epstein-Barr virus • Human papillomavirus • Oropharyngeal cancer • Polyomavirus • Prognosis Abbreviations BKV BK virus DFS Disease-free survival EBER Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA * Timo Carpén

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact

Carpén

Syrjänen

Jouhi

et al. 2020

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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“…Further, most existing anti-NPC drugs are found with adverse side-effects following the time-and dose-dependent manners [4]. Together with present literature analysis, the proofs suggest that development of alterative anti-NPC compound is urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Bioinformatic and experimental findings to indicate anti-cancer targets and mechanisms of calycosin against nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Liu

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Calycosin is a naturally-occurring phytoestrogen that reportedly exerts anti- nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) effects. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms for anti-NPC using calycosin remain unrevealed. Methods: Thus, a network pharmacology was used to uncover anti-NPC pharmacological targets and mechanisms of calycosin. Additionally, validated experiments were conducted to validate the bioinformatic findings of calycosin for treating NPC. Results: As results, bioinformatic assays showed that the predictive pharmacological targets of calycosin against NPC were TP53, MAPK14, CASP8, MAPK3, CASP3, RIPK1, JUN, ESR1, respectively. And the top 20 biological processes and pharmacological mechanisms of calycosin against NPC were identified accordingly. In clinical data, NPC samples showed positive expression of MAPK14, reduced TP53, CASP8 expressions. In studies in vitro and in vivo, calycosin-dosed NPC cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis. In TUNEL staining, calycosin exhibited elevated apoptotic cell number. And immunostaining assays resulted in increased TP53, CASP8 positive cells, and reduced MAPK14 expressions in calycosin-dosed NPC cells and tumor-bearing nude mice. Conclusion: Altogether, these bioinformatic findings reveal optimal pharmacological targets and mechanisms of calycosin against NPC, following with representative identification of human and preclinical experiments. Notably, some of original biotargets may be potentially used to treat NPC.

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“…MTT assay was used to determine the optimum cell seeding density of each cell line. A total of 2.5x10 3 , 5x10 3 , 10x10 3 , 20x10 3 and 40x10 3 and 80x10 3 cells/ml were seeded in a 96-well plate and incubated for 72 hours prior to cytotoxicity evaluation by MTT assay. Each well was read at 570 nm for absorbance.…”

Section: Determination Of Optimal Cell Seeding Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present treatment options available to treat NPC patients are particularly with regard to liquid biopsies, minimally invasive surgery, and advances in chemotherapy and immunotherapy [3]. However, due to its deep-seated location, the vast majority of affected individuals do not know they have NPC until it has already spread to the lymph nodes in the neck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coptidis Rhizome inhibits cell growth in HONE-1 cell line by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Leu¹,

Subramaniam²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is among the most common head and neck malignancies seen among adults in Malaysia. Therefore, discovery of novel anti-cancer herbal drugs is of importance. In this study, the cytotoxic effect was conducted on a traditional Chinese herbal prescription (Xiao Xian Xiong Decoction (XXXD) that is made up of 3 Chinese herbal medicines, namely Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizome), Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome), Gualuo (Fructus Trichosanthis).Methods The cytotoxic effect of the individual herb and in combination of two and three herbs was studied on 8 nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines. Global gene expression analysis was carried on extracted RNA using nCounter XT Gene Expression Assay.Results TWO-1, TWO-4, HONE-1, SUNE-1, CNE-2, HK-1, CNE-1 and C666-1 treated with Huanglian, the IC50 values obtained were 24.48, 11.77, 4.48, 10.72 6.32, 11.10, 6.77 and 27.30 µg/ml, respectively. For combination of Huanglian and Banxia, the IC50 values obtained were 74.09 µg/ml (TWO-1), 25.80 µg/ml (TWO-4), 38.10 µg/ml (HONE-1), 29.46 µg/ml (SUNE-1), 19.0 µg/ml (CNE-2) and 20.12 µg/ml (HK-1) but did not exert 50% cell killing in CNE-1 and C666-1 cell lines. The IC50 value attained for the combination of Huanglian and Gualuo was 40.70 µg/ml in HONE-1 cell line. The IC50 values obtained for XXXD (triple combination of Huanglian, Banxia and Gualuo)-treated in HONE-1 and CNE-2 cell lines were 88.55 and 92.42 µg/ml, respectively. Out of all these 7 groups of herbal samples, Huanglian showed the highest cytotoxicity against 8 NPC cell lines with the lowest IC50 value of 4.48 µg/ml recorded in HONE-1. Global gene expression showed Huanglian significantly downregulated genes associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and thus inhibit HONE-1 cell growth.Conclusions This study suggest that Huanglian could be a potent anticancer herb targeting HONE-1 cancer cell line.

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Recent advances in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cited by 105 publications

References 36 publications

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact

Bioinformatic and experimental findings to indicate anti-cancer targets and mechanisms of calycosin against nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Coptidis Rhizome inhibits cell growth in HONE-1 cell line by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

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