Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Biscoumarin Derivatives

Abstract

Published data on the preparation of biscoumarin derivatives is discussed in this review. Biscoumarins are synthesized via the reaction of 4‐hydroxy coumarin and different aldehydes. Many attempts have been made to apply various catalysts and also different reaction conditions to synthesize biscoumarins. The role of the catalyst and the reaction conditions on the reaction time and yield of the products is discussed.

An Insight View on Synthetic Protocol, Mechanistic and Biological Aspects of Biscoumarin Derivatives

“…Acetamide or guanidine remained unchanged and was recovered after the reaction. For this reaction, Mahmoodi and co‐workers have presented a user‐friendly and rational scheme to develop biscoumarins from aldehydes and 4HC in aqueous medium using in situ iron(III) dodecyl sulphate [Fe(SD) 3 ] as a united acid‐surfactant catalyst at 100 °C temperature (Scheme : Method 2). The catalyst Fe(SD) 3 was formed in reaction from FeCl 3 .6H 2 O and sodium dodecyl sulphate.…”

“…Different researchers have recently reviewed the advancement on this moiety, such as Shahzad et al . and Mahmoodi et al . but still there are some literatures, which need to be reported.…”

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN): An Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Biscoumarins in Aqueous Medium under Ambient Conditions

“…The general synthetic strategy for biscoumarins is based on a domino Knoevenagel – Michael reaction, and during the recent past a handful of methodologies for such molecules have been reported involving a variety of catalysts such as ionic‐liquids, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, and varying reaction conditions . An exhaustive review on the synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives has recently been published . Although these earlier protocols find certain merits of their own, still they suffer from certain shortcomings such as harsh reaction conditions, low yields in many cases, tedious work‐ups, use of expensive and hazardous catalysts, and need of chromatography for purification of products involving toxic organic solvents.…”

Sustainable and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Synthesis of Some Bioactive Derivatives of Biscoumarin and Pyrano[3,2‐c]Chromene‐3‐Carbonitrile Using Taurine, as the Catalyst

“…The main method for the preparation of biscomarin derivatives is the Knoevenagel‐Michael reaction. Because of the importance of biscoumarins essentially bis(4‐hydroxycoumarin) in the mentioned fields, many catalysts in various conditions have been introduced for the preparation of them such as [bmim]BF 4 , SDS, [PSebim][OTf], propane‐1,2,3‐triyl tris(hydrogen sulfate), [pyridine–SO 3 H]Cl, phospho sulfonic acid, cellulose sulfonic, W‐doped ZnO nanocomposite, Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ⋅5H 2 O, choline hydroxide, o ‐benzenedisulfonimide, P 4 VPy–CuO‐NPs, sulfonated rice husk ash, silica‐Bonded N ‐propylpiperazine sodium n ‐propionate, boron‐sulfuric acid Nanoparticles, P 4 VPy‐BuSO 3 H−X(AlCl 3 ), 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine, and piperidine …”