Recent advances in the understanding and management of polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted condition characterized by chronic anovulation and excess ovarian activity, in contrast to other causes of anovulation that involve ovarian dormancy or primary insufficiency. Recent studies indicated that PCOS is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and that women with PCOS are at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The inflammatory and metabolic derangements associated with PCOS are explained in part by the coexistence of insulin resistance and obesity but are further fueled by the androgen excess. New insights into the regulation of hormones and cytokines in muscle and fat tissue support the concept that PCOS is a systemic syndrome. The therapeutic plan should be tailored to the patient phenotype, complaints, and reproductive desire. Of note, the aromatase inhibitor letrozole seems to be more effective than the reference drug clomiphene citrate to treat infertility due to PCOS. Integral management by a multidisciplinary team may help the patients to adhere to lifestyle interventions and thereby reduce body adiposity and recover their metabolic and reproductive health.

Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy

“…PCOS is a highly prevalent endocrine condition affecting 6% to 8% of women worldwide. It is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, which can confer a higher risk of female infertility [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. In addition to reproductive abnormalities, PCOS is also linked to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Bio Organ for Treatment of Female Infertility

“…Remarkably, 5% to 10% of women 18-44 years of age have PCOS, making it the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Recent investigations have shown that PCOS is linked to low-grade chronic inflammation [ 18 , 19 ]. Therefore, approaches to modulate the immune system and inflammatory pathways may be useful in treating PCOS.…”

Modern approaches to diagnostics of hyperandrogenism distributed forms in reproductive aged women

“…Синдром полікістозних яєчників (СПКЯ)поширена ендокринна патологія з поліморфною етіологією, патогенезом і фенотиповими проявами, що чинить негативний вплив не лише на репродуктивну функцію, а й на стан вуглеводного, ліпідного обміну, функцію серцево-судинної системи, психічне здоров'я і підвищує ризик деяких онкопатологій протягом усього життя жінки та її потомства [1].…”