Recent Advances in the Use of Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon as an Electrode Material for Electroanalysis

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC), which has attracted considerable attention as an electrode material, holds much promise for electroanalysis. The unique physical and chemical properties of AC, such as the high surface area, good thermal and electrical conductivity, good anti-causticity, high stability, and low cost make it an electrode material which can generate large profits from a commercialization perspective. Number of biomassderived ACs (BACs) with a variety of pore sizes, porosity, morphology, and crystallinity have been prepared from a range of sources of biomass, including agro-wastes on a large scale. BACs exhibit unique and tunable electrochemical properties depending on their physicochemical properties and thus, have found number of applications in industries, pharmaceutical industry, and water treatment plants. From an electrochemical perspective, researchers have demonstrated the impact of BAC as an electrode material for detecting electroactive drugs, environmental pollutants, and developing electrochemical biosensors. Hence, this paper thoroughly reviews and summarizes the literature published within the last ten years, focusing specifically on the types of analytes detected and electrochemical techniques employed and evaluating their performance (in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and dynamic ranges) and feasibility for electroanalysis. In addition, the review outlines some constructive advice and scope for further research.

Electrochemical Determination of Flavonoid Fisetin in Commercial Dietary Supplements Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

“…There have many ways for utilization of sensitive and selective determination of analytes in electrochemical analysis. The electrochemical pretreatment method one of them [44–46] …”

“…The electrochemical pretreatment method one of them. [44][45][46] Preliminary studies revealed that the use of untreated BDD electrode in quantitative analysis of FST has the potential to cause passivation problems, especially at its high concentrations, and also reduces the repeatability and sensitivity of measurement results.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Alkali Activated Carbon Based Theobroma Cocoa Pods: Application for Electrochemical Determination of Xanthine in Fresh Fish Sample

“…This confirms the fact that after the death of the fish, adenosine triphosphate degrades to Xa which increases with storage. [1]…”

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol by Lignocellulose Biopolymers Derived Porous Carbon

“…[4,5] With the increasing concern over environmental and health issues, there is a great necessary to effectively and accurately detect HQ and CC. [6] However, HQ and CC are difficult to detect or separate at the same time because they are similar isomers in structures and properties. Therefore, a fast, accurate and effective method to detect HQ and CC simultaneously is one of research hotspots.…”

“…For example, the over intake of HQ and CC may cause headache, fatigue, kidney function damage and liver function lesion, etc [4,5] . With the increasing concern over environmental and health issues, there is a great necessary to effectively and accurately detect HQ and CC [6] . However, HQ and CC are difficult to detect or separate at the same time because they are similar isomers in structures and properties.…”