“…Therefore, a series of visual probes based on nanomaterials has been developed. For example, chemically modified semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), 7 especially CdS and CdTe QDs, 8,9 functionalized carbon quantum dots, [10][11][12] nanostructured metal/metal oxides such as ZnO-Co 3 O 4 NCs 13 and Au/Ag NCs [14][15][16] have been widely used for Cu sensing. While carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), metal/ metal-oxide hybrid nanostructures based on ZnO/TiO 2 etc., [17][18][19][20] noble metal nanoparticles, 21 and metal-organic frameworks 22 have been developed for ammonia determination.…”