Recent advances on 2′-fucosyllactose: physiological properties, applications, and production approaches

Chicory inulin enhances fermentation of 2′-fucosyllactose by infant fecal microbiota and differentially influences immature dendritic cell and T-cell cytokine responses under normal and Th2-polarizing conditions

“…After 48 h of incubation with the digesta, cell supernatants were collected and stored at -20⁰C until further analysis. Subsequently, 300 μl fresh TC-MM medium (MatTek Corporation) containing 16x10 5 autologous Tcells was added to selected wells. T-cells were co-incubated with DCs for another 48 h. Afterwards, the supernatants of the co-cultures were collected and stored at -20⁰C until further analysis.…”

“…1,2 Inulin-type fructans contain a range of different short-and long-chain fructan molecules, 3 and are added alone or in combination with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) to infant formula, 4 while the HMO 2'-FL is more recently added to infant formulas as a single molecule. 5 To date, there are only a few combinations of different NDC and/or HMOs being used in infant formulas, while there are many other potentially interesting combinations possible. The application of new combinations of NDCs and HMOs can be of interest to tailor infant formulas for specific groups of infants as it was shown that NDCs and HMOs all have their own unique structureand infant-age-dependent immune effects.…”

“…6 Next to native inulin, the HMO 2'-FL is now added to infant formulas. 5 Since a few years it is possible to produce 2'-FL as a fermentation product of genetically engineered microorganisms such as E. coli and yeast, 13,14 which makes it possible to produce it in a cost-effective way which allows broad application in infant Please do not adjust margins Please do not adjust margins formulas. 15 It is composed of a lactose base decorated with an α(1-2)-linked fucose unit at the galactose moiety.…”

Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharides: Sources, biological activities, and food applications

“…Accumulating research has shown that fucosylated HMOs play a vital role in regulating intestinal health in early life by promoting the growth of dominant bacterial strains (bifidobacteria strains) in the gut ( Pérez-Escalante et al, 2020 ). Fucosylated HMOs exert anti-microbial activity by modifying the host’s epithelial cell-surface glycome ( Zhu et al, 2020 ). In addition, fucosylated HMOs are beneficial for promoting the maturation of the infant immune system and improving the cognitive ability of the baby brain, especially in the first months of life ( Bode, 2015 ).…”

Engineering Escherichia coli for highly efficient production of lacto-N-triose II from N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer of chitin

“…Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are recently attracting increasing attention, as they have numerous excellent physiological functions in human infants, such as promoting brain development in the newborn [ 1 , 2 ], improving their intelligence [ 3 ], avoiding infection [ 4 , 5 ], and acting as prebiotics [ 6 ]. To date, more than 200 different structures have been found and identified in HMOs, composed of five various monosaccharides including glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), L-fucose (Fuc), and sialic acid (SA) [ 7 ].…”