Recent advances on Candida albicans biology and virulence

Sellam, Adnane; Whiteway, Malcolm

doi:10.12688/f1000research.9617.1

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A biological characteristic of C. albicans is its ability to develop different morphologies (yeast, hypha, pseudohypha, and chlamydospore), and engage in morphogenetic transitions (i.e., white-opaque) under certain environmental conditions. This trait contributes to its versatility as a pathogen (Sudbery et al, 2004; Whiteway and Bachewich, 2007; Berman, 2012; Sellam and Whiteway, 2016). Morphology influences virulence, as hyphal-defective mutants are frequently less virulent in animal models of infection (Lo et al, 1997; Alonso-Monge et al, 1999; Saville et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hog1 MAP Kinase Promotes the Recovery from Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Candida albicans

2017

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Eukaryotic cell cycle progression in response to environmental conditions is controlled via specific checkpoints. Signal transduction pathways mediated by MAPKs play a crucial role in sensing stress. For example, the canonical MAPKs Mkc1 (of the cell wall integrity pathway), and Hog1 (of the HOG pathway), are activated upon oxidative stress. In this work, we have analyzed the effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide on cell cycle progression in Candida albicans. Hydrogen peroxide was shown to induce a transient arrest at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Specifically, a G1 arrest was observed, although phosphorylation of Mkc1 and Hog1 MAPKs can take place at all stages of the cell cycle. Interestingly, hog1 (but not mkc1) mutants required a longer time compared to wild type cells to resume growth after hydrogen peroxide challenge. Using GFP-labeled cells and mixed cultures of wild type and hog1 cells we were able to show that hog1 mutants progress faster through the cell cycle under standard growth conditions in the absence of stress (YPD at 37°C). Consequently, hog1 mutants exhibited a smaller cell size. The altered cell cycle progression correlates with altered expression of the G1 cyclins Cln3 and Pcl2 in hog1 cells compared to the wild type strain. In addition, Hgc1 (a hypha-specific G1 cyclin) as well as Cln3 displayed a different kinetics of expression in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in hog1 mutants. Collectively, these results indicate that Hog1 regulates the expression of G1 cyclins not only in response to oxidative stress, but also under standard growth conditions. Hydrogen peroxide treated cells did not show fluctuations in the mRNA levels for SOL1, which are observed in untreated cells during cell cycle progression. In addition, treatment with hydrogen peroxide prevented degradation of Sol1, an effect which was enhanced in hog1 mutants. Therefore, in C. albicans, the MAPK Hog1 mediates cell cycle progression in response to oxidative stress, and further participates in the cell size checkpoint during vegetative growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hog1 MAP Kinase Promotes the Recovery from Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Candida albicans

2017

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“…28,29 A. colubrina at concentrations higher than MIC can affect the biofilm of all Candida species. C. albicans, considered the most present specie in the oral cavity of humans, 30 was the most sensitive in the planktonic form and the least sensitive in the biofilm form. Indeed, C. albicans is reported to form quantitatively larger and qualitatively more complex biofilms than other Candida species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anadenanthera Colubrina vell Brenan: anti-Candida and antibiofilm activities, toxicity and therapeutical action

et al. 2019

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We evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of bark from Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan, known as Angico, against Candida spp. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique through the Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicide Concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was tested in mature biofilms formed by Candida species and analyzed through the counting of CFU/mL and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). In vivo toxicity and therapeutic action was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model. The treatment with the extract, in low doses, was able to reduce the growth of planktonic cells of Candida species. MIC values range between 19.5 and 39 µg/mL and MFC values range between 79 and 625 µg/mL. In addition was able to reduce the number of CFU/mL in biofilms and to cause structural alteration and cellular destruction, observed via SEM. A. colubrina showed low toxicity in the in vivo assay, having not affected the viability of the larvae at doses below 100mg/kg and high potential in the treatment of C. albicans infection. Considering its high antifungal potential, its low toxicity and potential to treatment of infections in in vivo model, A. colubrina extract is a strong candidate for development of a new agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

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“…It is known that other fungal pathogens including Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mucor circinelloides adjust their cell size either to access specific niches in the host or to escape from host immune cells (89). For example, the novel gray cell type recently identified in C. albicans is characterized by a small size, a propensity to cause cutaneous infections, and reduced colonization of internal organs (90, 91). Conversely, the host immune system appears to be able to sense C. albicans size to modulate the immune response and thereby mitigate tissue damage at the site of infection (92).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic cell size screen uncovers coupling of growth to division by the p38/HOG network inCandida albicans

Sellam¹,

Chaillot²,

Mallick

et al. 2016

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Recent advances on Candida albicans biology and virulence

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

The Hog1 MAP Kinase Promotes the Recovery from Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Candida albicans

The Hog1 MAP Kinase Promotes the Recovery from Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Candida albicans

Anadenanthera Colubrina vell Brenan: anti-Candida and antibiofilm activities, toxicity and therapeutical action

A systematic cell size screen uncovers coupling of growth to division by the p38/HOG network inCandida albicans

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