“… 67 Recent research emphasizes creating safe, sustainable nano-catalysts through energy-efficient methods like microwave and ultrasound-assisted synthesis, solvent-free synthesis, template-directed synthesis, and more. 68 Nevertheless, our primary focus is optimizing reaction parameters to increase pyranopyrazole yields using nano-catalysts tailored to specific applications, all within shorter reaction durations. Future investigations should prioritize cost-effective and environmentally benign metal/nanoparticle catalysts for pyranopyrazole synthesis, building upon the aforementioned references.…”